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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Reasons for admission :
Emergency admissions
Planned admissions
In the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) :
Seeing the patient in ICU for the first time
Suspending normal routines: visiting ICU every day
Uncertainty
Emotional impact on relatives & friends in ICU
Impact on children
Telling others
Relationships within and between families
Receiving information and news from doctors
Sources of information in ICU
Nursing care
Keeping a diary
Sources of support in ICU
At the bedside:
Waiting for news
Signs of improvement and progress
The relatives' room and overnight accommodation:
The relatives' room
Overnight accommodation
When someone dies :
End of life decisions
Death and bereavement:
When someone dies
Funerals
Coping with bereavement
On a general ward :
The ward environment and nursing care
Hospital discharge and rehabilitation
Life after leaving the hospital :
Supporting and caring for the ill person at home
Impact on work and finances
Attitudes to life after the hospital experience
Messages to others
Emotional impact on relatives and carers
Emotional impact on family and friends
Adjusting to a changed life
Support and information
Support and information
Lack of support and information
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
Subject index
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Intensive care
>>
Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 41-50
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Interview 24
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The ambulance arrived quickly and her mother was taken from Accident and Emergency to ICU within a few hours because she'd had cardiac arrest.
Her mother had cardiac arrest. She spent nine days in ICU and now lives with her daughter. She received a lot of support from her family.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Aged 30 & under
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Interview 21
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Her partner remembered everything about his accident when he woke up in ICU after emergency surgery, but was then re-sedated because of other complica
In 2005 her partner had a car accident and spent over four months in ICU. She visited daily while her mother looked after her new baby.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Aged 41-50
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Interview 03
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On the long journey to the hospital she just wanted her son to be alive, but didn't know how serious the accident had been or if she'd have to stay ov
In 2004 her 17-year-old son was a passenger in a car that was involved in a serious accident. He spent 17 days in ICU.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Aged 31-40
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Interview 35
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She felt very alone in hospital as she tried to get medical staff to treat her mother's pain, and then had to wait several hours while they tried to f
Her mother was admitted to ICU because of gallstones and other complications. She visited her every day, often with her two young daughters, and kept a diary.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Aged 51-60
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Interview 12
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Some of her son's friends turned up at the hospital and, at that time, she found this difficult.
In 2005 her 21-year-old son sadly died in ICU. She focuses as much as she can on remembering the good memories they shared.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Aged 51-60
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Interview 05
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He followed the ambulance which took his wife to another hospital, and the journey felt like the longest he'd ever made.
In 2003 his wife was involved in an accident in the home. He stayed at the hospital for two weeks while his wife was in the first ICU.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Aged 51-60
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Interview 07
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She and her husband were desperate for news of their son's illness, and waited anxiously at the hospital all day to learn that he had meningitis.
Their son was admitted to ICU in 2005 with bacterial meningitis. It was a traumatic time but he is now back home and has made excellent progress.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Aged 51-60
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Interview 19
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Her sister came over from the States to visit their brother but, at that time, he couldn't recognise anyone or even move because of the head injuries
Her brother had an accident while cleaning his motorbike. He had severe head injuries and spent almost four weeks in ICU, where she visited him daily.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Aged 31-40
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Interview 23
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He and his partner never thought the symptoms she had would be serious, but when she started vomiting and coughing up blood he phoned NHS Direct for a
In 2006 his partner spent four weeks in ICU because of pneumonia. He visited her every day, sharing the visiting with his partner's parents.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Aged 51-60
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Interview 11
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When her husband's chest infection deteriorated and he had breathing difficulties, he was transferred from one hospital to another, which had an ICU.
Her husband was diagnosed with pneumonia. She was happy with the nursing care he received in ICU but concerned about information and one of his treatments.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Aged 51-60
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Interview 22
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He was shocked when he was told his wife could die if she didn't have surgery to remove a kidney that very evening.
His wife had emergency surgery to remove a kidney. He found it difficult to discuss his feelings but received comfort from sitting alone in the hospital chapel.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Aged 41-50
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Interview 24
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The ambulance arrived quickly and her mother was taken from Accident and Emergency to ICU within a few hours because she'd had cardiac arrest.
Her mother had cardiac arrest. She spent nine days in ICU and now lives with her daughter. She received a lot of support from her family.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 41-50
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Interview 24
>>
The ambulance arrived quickly and her mother was taken from Accident and Emergency to ICU within a few hours because she'd had cardiac arrest.
Her mother had cardiac arrest. She spent nine days in ICU and now lives with her daughter. She received a lot of support from her family.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Aged 61-70
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Interview 08
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Four weeks after surgery for bowel cancer, his wife had to have emergency surgery and went to ICU afterwards because of complications.
His wife was admitted to ICU after having complications during emergency surgery. During her time in hospital he had a lot of support from family and his local community.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Aged 31-40
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Interview 01
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Doctors so rarely come across the illness her sister had that she was taken into a lecture so trainee doctors could learn more about it.
In March 2005 her sister was diagnosed with Guillain Barre Syndrome. This is a rare disorder of the peripheral nerves, those outside the brain and spinal chord.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Aged 41-50
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Interview 33
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Within a few days her husband developed a rash, his kidneys started failing and he needed emergency surgery.
Her husband was admitted to ICU after having emergency surgery. It was particularly difficult looking after other family members as well as visiting her husband.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 51-60
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Interview 07
>>
She and her husband were desperate for news of their son's illness, and waited anxiously at the hospital all day to learn that he had meningitis.
Their son was admitted to ICU in 2005 with bacterial meningitis. It was a traumatic time but he is now back home and has made excellent progress.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 41-50
>>
Interview 03
>>
On the long journey to the hospital she just wanted her son to be alive, but didn't know how serious the accident had been or if she'd have to stay ov
In 2004 her 17-year-old son was a passenger in a car that was involved in a serious accident. He spent 17 days in ICU.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 30 & under
>>
Interview 21
>>
Her partner remembered everything about his accident when he woke up in ICU after emergency surgery, but was then re-sedated because of other complica
In 2005 her partner had a car accident and spent over four months in ICU. She visited daily while her mother looked after her new baby.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Aged 31-40
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Interview 02
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Her husband had had minor mountain bike accidents before but, this time, when she went to see him in hospital he was in ICU.
In 2003 her husband had an accident while cycling on his mountain bike in woods close to their home. The accident left him with a serious head injury, fractures to his neck and spine, and a collapsed lung.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Aged 51-60
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Interview 05
>>
When he saw his wife's accident he became hysterical and had to be calmed down by his son.
In 2003 his wife was involved in an accident in the home. He stayed at the hospital for two weeks while his wife was in the first ICU.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 31-40
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Interview 35
>>
She felt very alone in hospital as she tried to get medical staff to treat her mother's pain, and then had to wait several hours while they tried to f
Her mother was admitted to ICU because of gallstones and other complications. She visited her every day, often with her two young daughters, and kept a diary.
Intensive care
>>
Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 31-40
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Interview 29
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The journey to the hospital was difficult because they didn't know how his partner's mother would be, but he felt close to the family and wanted to su
His partner's mother was admitted to ICU after an accident in the home. He lived with them at the time and tried to provide emotional support.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Aged 70 +
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Interview 26
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Although she and her sister-in-law had never been close she visited her for a short time every day, sometimes twice a day, and other activities fell b
In 2006 her sister-in-law sadly died in ICU after having an accident in her car. She visited her daily and took care of all the practical matters.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Aged 41-50
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Interview 03
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She wanted some sort of normality during this difficult time, which had made her realise how precious life was.
In 2004 her 17-year-old son was a passenger in a car that was involved in a serious accident. He spent 17 days in ICU.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Aged 51-60
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Interview 28
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Her daughter's and son-in-law's house was exactly as they'd left it the day they had a car accident and she stayed there until they started improving.
Her daughter was admitted to a ward and her son-in-law to ICU after they had a car accident. She stayed in their home so she could visit.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Aged 51-60
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Interview 36
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He felt visitors shouldn't have to worry about parking when they have a relative in intensive care.
His father went to ICU after having a stroke and developing pneumonia. Members of the family supported one another and he is now closer to his sister.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Aged 31-40
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Interview 01
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She was shocked when she found out the cold her sister had was life threatening and had temporarily left her paralysed [she had Guillain Barre Syndrom
In March 2005 her sister was diagnosed with Guillain Barre Syndrome. This is a rare disorder of the peripheral nerves, those outside the brain and spinal chord.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Aged 31-40
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Interview 15
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She focussed only on her husband's survival and asked other relatives to focus their prayers and energy on him rather than trying to support her.
Her husband was admitted to ICU because of an emergency heart problem, which was never diagnosed. She praised the care and professionalism of the ICU staff.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Aged 41-50
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Interview 03
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Sometimes she worried how she'd cope if her son was left disabled because she would be his main carer.
In 2004 her 17-year-old son was a passenger in a car that was involved in a serious accident. He spent 17 days in ICU.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 31-40
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Interview 29
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They kept trying to work out how his partner's mother could have fallen through the ceiling but believed it was a miracle she had survived.
His partner's mother was admitted to ICU after an accident in the home. He lived with them at the time and tried to provide emotional support.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 70 +
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Interview 26
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She'd never been to her sister-in-law's home before but had to go there, find telephone numbers and gradually build up a picture of her life.
In 2006 her sister-in-law sadly died in ICU after having an accident in her car. She visited her daily and took care of all the practical matters.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 41-50
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Interview 17
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Throughout her husband's illness, she always believed he'd survive, even when he'd improved and deteriorated time and again.
Her husband was admitted to ICU because of a brain aneurysm. She spent eight weeks visiting him in two different hospitals, sometimes staying overnight.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Aged 31-40
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Interview 01
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Two of her sisters hadn't been getting on very well but, when one of them became critically ill, they grew closer again, as did the whole family.
In March 2005 her sister was diagnosed with Guillain Barre Syndrome. This is a rare disorder of the peripheral nerves, those outside the brain and spinal chord.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 70 +
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Interview 26
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She would have liked to have known her sister-in-law better when she'd been alive, and learnt that she'd had many friends and interests.
In 2006 her sister-in-law sadly died in ICU after having an accident in her car. She visited her daily and took care of all the practical matters.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
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Aged 51-60
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Interview 05
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It took him eighteen months to stop blaming himself and accept that his wife's fall had been an accident.
In 2003 his wife was involved in an accident in the home. He stayed at the hospital for two weeks while his wife was in the first ICU.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 51-60
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Interview 36
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He and his father visited the ICU bed his father had been in at a follow-up appointment and learnt that he'd had a rare form of pneumonia.
His father went to ICU after having a stroke and developing pneumonia. Members of the family supported one another and he is now closer to his sister.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 51-60
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Interview 12
>>
Some of her son's friends turned up at the hospital and, at that time, she found this difficult.
In 2005 her 21-year-old son sadly died in ICU. She focuses as much as she can on remembering the good memories they shared.
Intensive care
>>
Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 51-60
>>
Interview 05
>>
He followed the ambulance which took his wife to another hospital, and the journey felt like the longest he'd ever made.
In 2003 his wife was involved in an accident in the home. He stayed at the hospital for two weeks while his wife was in the first ICU.
Intensive care
>>
Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 30 & under
>>
Interview 06
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His father went to hospital with stomach pains but when he developed pneumonia he was transferred to ICU.
In May 2006 his father was admitted to ICU because of pneumonia and was still in hospital at the time of interview.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 31-40
>>
Interview 02
>>
She felt her husband looked like a stranger after his mountain bike accident and dreaded breaking the news to his parents.
In 2003 her husband had an accident while cycling on his mountain bike in woods close to their home. The accident left him with a serious head injury, fractures to his neck and spine, and a collapsed lung.
Intensive care
>>
Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 31-40
>>
Interview 01
>>
She was shocked when she saw her sister in ICU She'd been temporarily paralysed by her illness she was heavily sedated and her eyes were rolling [she
In March 2005 her sister was diagnosed with Guillain Barre Syndrome. This is a rare disorder of the peripheral nerves, those outside the brain and spinal chord.
Intensive care
>>
Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 61-70
>>
Interview 37
>>
Although, due to his work, he felt he knew all about intensive care units he was completely unprepared for how he'd feel seeing his own wife there.
His wife spent 49 days in ICU because of severe lung problems. After her illness, he became involved in helping improve services for ICU patients.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 51-60
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Interview 09
>>
Everything was explained to them so, when they left ICU, they felt their son was in safe hands and would receive all the care he needed.
Her son had lymphoma and bowel perforation and sadly died on a ward. She felt doctors should explain information clearly to relatives, who are usually unfamiliar with medical terms.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 61-70
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Interview 37
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All her visitors found it distressing seeing his wife in ICU but he noticed that men and women often reacted differently.
His wife spent 49 days in ICU because of severe lung problems. After her illness, he became involved in helping improve services for ICU patients.
Intensive care
>>
Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 51-60
>>
Interview 04
>>
Even though medical staff were treating their critically ill son, he looked comfortable when they saw first saw him and they sensed that he would reco
In October 2004, her son had a motorbike accident and was admitted to ICU. He had a serious head injury and broken jaw.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 61-70
>>
Interview 08
>>
Because a friend had previously been in ICU after a car accident, he knew what to expect when his wife was admitted to intensive care after having eme
His wife was admitted to ICU after having complications during emergency surgery. During her time in hospital he had a lot of support from family and his local community.
Intensive care
>>
Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 30 & under
>>
Interview 21
>>
She spent all day in intensive care and would come home briefly to spend some time with her new baby, who was being looked after by her mother.
In 2005 her partner had a car accident and spent over four months in ICU. She visited daily while her mother looked after her new baby.
Intensive care
>>
Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 70 +
>>
Interview 34
>>
She stayed at the hospital for a week and felt that, by being there and holding her partner's hand, she was doing some good.
Her partner had cancer of the kidney and was admitted to ICU after surgery. She visited daily and stayed in hospital overnight for a week.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 41-50
>>
Interview 03
>>
Her mother looked after her two younger children which meant that she, her husband and in-laws could visit ICU every day so her son would always have
In 2004 her 17-year-old son was a passenger in a car that was involved in a serious accident. He spent 17 days in ICU.
Intensive care
>>
Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 31-40
>>
Interview 35
>>
As well as visiting ICU she tried to keep life as normal as possible for her children and, somehow, found the energy to do both.
Her mother was admitted to ICU because of gallstones and other complications. She visited her every day, often with her two young daughters, and kept a diary.
Intensive care
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Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Aged 31-40
>>
Interview 23
>>
During the day he or his partner's parents were always at the bedside and, overnight, he slept on a chair so that he could be with her.
In 2006 his partner spent four weeks in ICU because of pneumonia. He visited her every day, sharing the visiting with his partner's parents.
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Intensive care
>>
Intensive care: experiences of family & friends
>>
Emergency admissions
>>
Emergency admissions
Emergency Admissions
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