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Mental health
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Discovery :
Onset of mental health problems
Getting a diagnosis
Hallucinations & delusions
Anxiety, negativity, mania & loss of energy
Views about causes: individual factors
Views about causes: social & environmental factors
Living with mental health problems :
Ways of describing mental health problems
Losses & gains: affects on everyday lives
Discrimination - mental health
The role of family, friends & carers
Support from charities & support groups
Complementary & alternative medicine (CAM)
The role of faith, spirituality & religion
What else helps
Getting information
Recovery
Experience of mental health services :
Outpatient & community services
Being in hospital
Being sectioned under the Mental Health Act
Prescribed medication & side effects
Not taking prescribed medication
Talking therapies & ECT
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
Subject index
Topic
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Views about causes: social & environmental factors
>>
Views about causes: social & environmental factors
Views about causes: social & environmental factors
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Views about causes: individual factors
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Views about causes: individual factors
Views about causes: individual factors
Clip
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 30 - 39
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David - Interview 15
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David says he experienced a lot of trauma while he was growing-up that made his personality "quite distorted".
David, 37, describes his ethnicity as mixed (White/North African). David was diagnosed with post traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder and severe depression, 29 years after he first saw a psychiatrist. David's wife is also his carer.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 40 - 49
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Niabingi - Interview 01
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Niabingi realised that racism had played a part in her developing schizophrenia when she stayed at a BME hostel. (Played by an actor).
This 42 year old Black, British born woman was diagnosed at the age of 25 with paranoid schizophrenia but disagrees with the paranoid part. She believes that her mental distress was caused by the racism she experienced when growing up.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 30 - 39
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Shaukat - Interview 17
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Shaukat says racism did not contribute to his anxiety, although he was attacked.
Shaukat, 36, was born in Pakistan and came to the UK aged 9. He has been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder and general anxiety disorder. He finds going to support groups and talking to other people with similar experiences supportive and helpful.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 30 - 39
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Sara - Interview 32
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Sara was "thrown out" of school after taking an overdose. (Played by an actor).
Sara, 34, describes herself as Indian and has a diagnosis of depression. Sara's food bingeing was interpreted as psychotic behaviour and she was diagnosed with schizophrenia. In her late twenties, however, a specialist diagnosed an eating disorder.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 40 - 49
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Devon - Interview 12
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Devon reflects on why Black people don't want to use services and says the system needs to be made more attractive to them.
Devon, 49, is married and was born in Jamaica; he came to the UK in 1965. He was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia aged 22 and depression aged 48. He is a founder member of the organization Sound Minds - www.soundminds.co.uk - a user-led music project.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 50 - 59
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Nelsy - Interview 21
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Nelsy feels she became unwell because it was "unnatural" to try to get richer and higher up in society.
Nelsy, 56, was born in Colombia and has been in the UK for 19 years. Nelsy experienced a nervous breakdown. She believes that illnesses are caused by accumulated anger and "fear of the social pressures for an impossible social equality".
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 20 - 29
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Ali - Interview 33
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Ali believes his mental health problems are caused by a chemical imbalance. (Played by an actor).
Ali, 27, was born in Pakistan and has been studying and working in the UK. Ali says that although it's easier to explain things to professionals from the same culture, as long as the other person is understanding, you can always clarify things.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 40 - 49
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Hanif - Interview 30
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Hanif doesn't think migration contributed to his mental health problems.
Hanif, 49, describes himself as Indian and has lived in the UK for 25 years. Hanif experienced cannabis induced psychosis and was diagnosed with bipolar disorder aged 23. Hanif works in mental health, campaigning to reduce stigma.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 20 - 29
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Ali - Interview 33
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Ali sometimes wonders whether God is out to get him. (Played by an actor).
Ali, 27, was born in Pakistan and has been studying and working in the UK. Ali says that although it's easier to explain things to professionals from the same culture, as long as the other person is understanding, you can always clarify things.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 20 - 29
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Ali - Interview 33
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Ali believes that his depression is caused by a chemical imbalance that will cause permanent damage, but wonders about a cure. (Played by an actor).
Ali, 27, was born in Pakistan and has been studying and working in the UK. Ali says that although it's easier to explain things to professionals from the same culture, as long as the other person is understanding, you can always clarify things.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 60 - 69
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Mae - Interview 04
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For Mae, recovery was about finding herself and feeling glad to be alive. (Played by an actor).
This 62 year old woman has manic depression and describes herself as mixed race. She enjoys life now and is glad to be alive. She thinks going to groups is important and says black families sometimes push away relatives with mental health problems.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 40 - 49
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Rehana - Interview 18
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Rehana says her problems began when she came to the UK and was separated from her family; her father later died and this triggered her depression. (Pl
Rehana, 49, describes herself as Pakistani and has lived in the UK for 27 years. She experiences severe depression, anxiety and panic attacks. Rehana feels ashamed of having depression and is worried that if people find out they might make fun of her.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 40 - 49
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Jay - Interview 27
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Jay believes her schizoaffective disorder developed as a way of coping with her upbringing and traumatic experiences.
Jay, 42, describes herself as Black-British. She was diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder aged 34 and now works in mental health. Jay's voices say mainly negative things, but two voices encourage her and give her tenacity and drive.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 30 - 39
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Marlene - Interview 23
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Marlene was separated from her parents and brought up in Pakistan by her grandmother and thinks this contributed to her mental health problems. (Playe
Marlene, 38, was diagnosed with anxiety aged 24. Marlene's father is Pakistani, and her mother is white. Her sister, Shareen, was also interviewed.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 30 - 39
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David - Interview 15
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David says various factors contributed to his mental health problems, including an unstable family, racism and a confused identity.
David, 37, describes his ethnicity as mixed (White/North African). David was diagnosed with post traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder and severe depression, 29 years after he first saw a psychiatrist. David's wife is also his carer.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 30 - 39
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Sara - Interview 32
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Sara says taking antidepressant would imply that her depression was caused by a chemical imbalance, whereas she regarded it as natural response to dis
Sara, 34, describes herself as Indian and has a diagnosis of depression. Sara's food bingeing was interpreted as psychotic behaviour and she was diagnosed with schizophrenia. In her late twenties, however, a specialist diagnosed an eating disorder.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 50 - 59
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Edward - Interview 10
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Edward would like to see more research into the nature of the chemical make up of cells in the brain - although he believes environmental factors are
Edward, 59, was born in Australia and diagnosed with schizophrenia aged 20. A former head teacher, he took early retirement for health reasons and now stacks supermarket shelves. He believes his condition is caused by genetic and environmental factors.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 30 - 39
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Ugo - Interview 02
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Ugo says the abuse she experienced as a child caused her mental health problems.
This Black-British woman became depressed in 1981 after 6 miscarriages, and losing her husband and home. She's also diagnosed with personality disorder (which she disagrees with) and lost custody of her child because of her mental health problems.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 30 - 39
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Marlene - Interview 23
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Marlene doesn't know what causes her anxiety because she says "I haven't got anything on my plate". (Played by an actor).
Marlene, 38, was diagnosed with anxiety aged 24. Marlene's father is Pakistani, and her mother is white. Her sister, Shareen, was also interviewed.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 20 - 29
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Chapman - Interview 20
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Chapman explains why he thinks he was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and says if the diagnosis was right his medication would work.
Chapman, 23, describes himself as Black-African and was born in Zimbabwe. He has been in the UK for 7 years and is awaiting the decision of an application for asylum. He was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia at the age of 20.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 40 - 49
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Devon - Interview 12
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Devon says the voice he heard sounded like "my own spirit" and also described believing that the television was talking to him.
Devon, 49, is married and was born in Jamaica; he came to the UK in 1965. He was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia aged 22 and depression aged 48. He is a founder member of the organization Sound Minds - www.soundminds.co.uk - a user-led music project.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 50 - 59
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Raj - Interview 19
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Raj likes going to the support centre because he doesn't have to hide anything or worry about what people think. (Audio in Punjabi, text in English).
Raj, 55, describes himself as British-Indian. He was born in India and came to the UK aged 13. He developed depression following a heart attack but says it took the doctor a long time to diagnose it. Raj's wife helps care for him.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 40 - 49
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Rehana - Interview 18
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She also has tinnitus and migraines; she describes similar symptoms for these and her mental health problems and believes they are connected.
Rehana, 49, describes herself as Pakistani and has lived in the UK for 27 years. She experiences severe depression, anxiety and panic attacks. Rehana feels ashamed of having depression and is worried that if people find out they might make fun of her.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 30 - 39
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Shaukat - Interview 17
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Shaukat doesn't know what triggered his anxiety but felt less to blame when he found out it was an illness and can happen to anyone.
Shaukat, 36, was born in Pakistan and came to the UK aged 9. He has been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder and general anxiety disorder. He finds going to support groups and talking to other people with similar experiences supportive and helpful.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 60 - 69
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Ataur - Interview 03
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Ataur feels he must have some weakness that makes him more vulnerable to depression than other people.
This 60 year old, Bangladesh-born man moved to Britain in 1964 and developed depression aged 17. He believes a weak mind makes it difficult for him to deal with life's problems and finds talking with friends the best way to manage his depression.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 50 - 59
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Edward - Interview 10
>>
Edward believes that his mental health problems have a genetic component and an environmental trigger - in his case migration and meeting his mother f
Edward, 59, was born in Australia and diagnosed with schizophrenia aged 20. A former head teacher, he took early retirement for health reasons and now stacks supermarket shelves. He believes his condition is caused by genetic and environmental factors.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 40 - 49
>>
Niabingi - Interview 01
>>
Niabingi believes that the psychological effects of slavery, colonialism and racism have passed down the generations via genetic memory. (Played by an
This 42 year old Black, British born woman was diagnosed at the age of 25 with paranoid schizophrenia but disagrees with the paranoid part. She believes that her mental distress was caused by the racism she experienced when growing up.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 50 - 59
>>
Lorenz - Interview 11
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Lorenz suggests that the history of slavery has been passed down through genes and led Black people to experience mental health problems.
Lorenz is a 50 year old Black Afro-Caribbean man who has been in the UK since 1966. He was diagnosed with schizophrenia aged 20 and this is now controlled by the anti-psychotic Aripiprazole (10mg daily) enabling Lorenz to work as a social care assistant.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 30 - 39
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Shareen - Interview 22
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Shareen asked herself why she was suffering and wondered whether she was being punished for something. (Played by an actor).
Shareen, 39, describes herself as Asian. She was born in the UK but lived in Pakistan between the ages of 11 and 19. Shareen experiences panic attacks, anxiety and depression. Shareen's sister, Marlene was also interviewed.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 60 - 69
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Anton - Interview 13
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Anton felt as if God had put a curse on him and wondered if he had done something wrong to deserve becoming unwell.
Anton, 64, is an Asian man who came from Sri Lanka to the UK in 1962. He was diagnosed with bipolar disorder aged 45 and was given various medicines but none worked. Now he is not receiving any treatment: he was told by doctors they had "given up" on him.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 40 - 49
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Michael - Interview 31
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Michael believes drugs such as psycho-stimulants cause mental health problems, not social factors; but says mental health services disagree with him.
Michael, 49, describes himself as a European Ashkenazi Jew. He has been given a variety of diagnoses, including bipolar affective disorder, personality disorder, paranoid schizophrenia, learning disability, and severe mental impairment.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 50 - 59
>>
Raj - Interview 19
>>
Raj was unable to work following a heart attack and says this made him depressed. (Audio in Punjabi, text in English).
Raj, 55, describes himself as British-Indian. He was born in India and came to the UK aged 13. He developed depression following a heart attack but says it took the doctor a long time to diagnose it. Raj's wife helps care for him.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 40 - 49
>>
Imani - Interview 26
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This woman who escaped an abusive marriage describes feeling abandoned by God and how this tested her faith and triggered her depression.
Imani, 48, describes herself as African-Caribbean, and was born in the UK. She was diagnosed with depression aged 47 having survived an abusive marriage. Imani is feeling better now she is taking antidepressants and having Christian counselling.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 60 - 69
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Ataur - Interview 03
>>
Ataur occupies his mind with his family responsibilities, although sometimes it can add to his depression.
This 60 year old, Bangladesh-born man moved to Britain in 1964 and developed depression aged 17. He believes a weak mind makes it difficult for him to deal with life's problems and finds talking with friends the best way to manage his depression.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 30 - 39
>>
Shaukat - Interview 17
>>
Shaukat read lots of different books to try to work out what was happening to him and this helped him to ask for treatment when he went to see his GP.
Shaukat, 36, was born in Pakistan and came to the UK aged 9. He has been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder and general anxiety disorder. He finds going to support groups and talking to other people with similar experiences supportive and helpful.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 40 - 49
>>
Niabingi - Interview 01
>>
Niabingi read books to find out more about her diagnosis and discovered Black psychiatry; she says she now seeks a Black opinion because she can ident
This 42 year old Black, British born woman was diagnosed at the age of 25 with paranoid schizophrenia but disagrees with the paranoid part. She believes that her mental distress was caused by the racism she experienced when growing up.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 20 - 29
>>
Ali - Interview 33
>>
Ali says keep struggling and maybe you'll find a solution.
Ali, 27, was born in Pakistan and has been studying and working in the UK. Ali says that although it's easier to explain things to professionals from the same culture, as long as the other person is understanding, you can always clarify things.
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