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Mental health
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Discovery :
Onset of mental health problems
Getting a diagnosis
Hallucinations & delusions
Anxiety, negativity, mania & loss of energy
Views about causes: individual factors
Views about causes: social & environmental factors
Living with mental health problems :
Ways of describing mental health problems
Losses & gains: affects on everyday lives
Discrimination - mental health
The role of family, friends & carers
Support from charities & support groups
Complementary & alternative medicine (CAM)
The role of faith, spirituality & religion
What else helps
Getting information
Recovery
Experience of mental health services :
Outpatient & community services
Being in hospital
Being sectioned under the Mental Health Act
Prescribed medication & side effects
Not taking prescribed medication
Talking therapies & ECT
Advice to others :
Messages for others
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
Subject index
Clip
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 50 - 59
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Raj - Interview 19
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Raj didn't get enough information and found things out for himself; he would have liked more information about social security benefits and carers. (A
Raj, 55, describes himself as British-Indian. He was born in India and came to the UK aged 13. He developed depression following a heart attack but says it took the doctor a long time to diagnose it. Raj's wife helps care for him.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 20 - 29
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Ali - Interview 33
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Ali believes his mental health problems are caused by a chemical imbalance. (Played by an actor).
Ali, 27, was born in Pakistan and has been studying and working in the UK. Ali says that although it's easier to explain things to professionals from the same culture, as long as the other person is understanding, you can always clarify things.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 30 - 39
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David - Interview 15
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For David, recovery means getting treatment and being treated seriously.
David, 37, describes his ethnicity as mixed (White/North African). David was diagnosed with post traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder and severe depression, 29 years after he first saw a psychiatrist. David's wife is also his carer.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 60 - 69
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Mae - Interview 04
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Mae says nothing should get in the way of recovery and that you should approach one step at a time. (Played by an actor).
This 62 year old woman has manic depression and describes herself as mixed race. She enjoys life now and is glad to be alive. She thinks going to groups is important and says black families sometimes push away relatives with mental health problems.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 20 - 29
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Tariq - Interview 06
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Tariq set out his own care plan and says the mental health system is different from how it's portrayed on television. (Played by an actor).
This 21 year old Asian student was diagnosed with manic depression and then schizophrenia. He disagrees that the mental health system is institutionally racist, saying that he encountered discrimination due to his mental health not his ethnicity.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 30 - 39
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Sara - Interview 32
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Sara was offered CBT in hospital to convince her to agree with a diagnosis she disagreed with; she has found psychological approaches to her depressio
Sara, 34, describes herself as Indian and has a diagnosis of depression. Sara's food bingeing was interpreted as psychotic behaviour and she was diagnosed with schizophrenia. In her late twenties, however, a specialist diagnosed an eating disorder.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 50 - 59
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Raj - Interview 19
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Raj's prescribed medication made him dribble, gave him bad breath, blood in the toilet, and unusual smelling urine. (Audio in Punjabi, text in English
Raj, 55, describes himself as British-Indian. He was born in India and came to the UK aged 13. He developed depression following a heart attack but says it took the doctor a long time to diagnose it. Raj's wife helps care for him.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 50 - 59
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Judy - Interview 05
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The drowsiness caused by too high a dose of her medication led her to fall asleep on a bus late at night.
This Black-Caribbean woman was diagnosed with manic depressive psychosis in Jamaica. She says she has not been back to hospital for 6 years because she hasn't stopped taking her medication, even though it makes her extremely drowsy.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 30 - 39
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Shareen - Interview 22
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When she takes her medication she is "knocked out" for 2 days and there is no-one to look after her children or do the housework. (Played by an actor)
Shareen, 39, describes herself as Asian. She was born in the UK but lived in Pakistan between the ages of 11 and 19. Shareen experiences panic attacks, anxiety and depression. Shareen's sister, Marlene was also interviewed.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 30 - 39
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Sara - Interview 32
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Sara was distressed when the antipsychotic she was forced to take gave her facial hair, incontinence and weight gain.
Sara, 34, describes herself as Indian and has a diagnosis of depression. Sara's food bingeing was interpreted as psychotic behaviour and she was diagnosed with schizophrenia. In her late twenties, however, a specialist diagnosed an eating disorder.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 40 - 49
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Jay - Interview 27
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Jay describes various side effects and felt "dirty" because one type of medication made her lactate (produce breast milk).
Jay, 42, describes herself as Black-British. She was diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder aged 34 and now works in mental health. Jay's voices say mainly negative things, but two voices encourage her and give her tenacity and drive.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 40 - 49
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Michael - Interview 31
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Michael was distressed when the antipsychotic he was forced to take interfered with swallowing and breathing.
Michael, 49, describes himself as a European Ashkenazi Jew. He has been given a variety of diagnoses, including bipolar affective disorder, personality disorder, paranoid schizophrenia, learning disability, and severe mental impairment.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 30 - 39
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Ugo - Interview 02
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Ugo found it difficult to remember to take her medication and uses a blister pack to help her remember.
This Black-British woman became depressed in 1981 after 6 miscarriages, and losing her husband and home. She's also diagnosed with personality disorder (which she disagrees with) and lost custody of her child because of her mental health problems.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 20 - 29
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Chapman - Interview 20
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Chapman says that taking medication did not help his symptoms and he has tried several different types.
Chapman, 23, describes himself as Black-African and was born in Zimbabwe. He has been in the UK for 7 years and is awaiting the decision of an application for asylum. He was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia at the age of 20.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 40 - 49
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Niabingi - Interview 01
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Niabingi was injected because she stopped taking her medication and says she felt undignified, upset and like "a passive animal." (Played by an actor)
This 42 year old Black, British born woman was diagnosed at the age of 25 with paranoid schizophrenia but disagrees with the paranoid part. She believes that her mental distress was caused by the racism she experienced when growing up.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 20 - 29
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Chapman - Interview 20
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Chapman stopped taking his medication in case the weed and alcohol he was using affected them and says having the injection is easier than remembering
Chapman, 23, describes himself as Black-African and was born in Zimbabwe. He has been in the UK for 7 years and is awaiting the decision of an application for asylum. He was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia at the age of 20.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 60 - 69
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H. Y. Leung - Interview 29
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The language barrier meant she and the doctors did not understand each other and she was forced to take medication without knowing what it was. (Audio
HY Leung, 60, was admitted to a London psychiatric hospital. She says her doctors don't understand what she's going through. She feels God accepts and understands her, which supports her to face the challenges of her illnesses and to carry on her life.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 50 - 59
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Lorenz - Interview 11
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Lorenz thought he did not need his prescribed medication and believed that the doctors were just trying to control him in case he did something bad.
Lorenz is a 50 year old Black Afro-Caribbean man who has been in the UK since 1966. He was diagnosed with schizophrenia aged 20 and this is now controlled by the anti-psychotic Aripiprazole (10mg daily) enabling Lorenz to work as a social care assistant.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 30 - 39
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Sara - Interview 32
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Sara says taking antidepressant would imply that her depression was caused by a chemical imbalance, whereas she regarded it as natural response to dis
Sara, 34, describes herself as Indian and has a diagnosis of depression. Sara's food bingeing was interpreted as psychotic behaviour and she was diagnosed with schizophrenia. In her late twenties, however, a specialist diagnosed an eating disorder.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 60 - 69
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Anton - Interview 13
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Anton takes no medication - he felt the doctors gave up on him.
Anton, 64, is an Asian man who came from Sri Lanka to the UK in 1962. He was diagnosed with bipolar disorder aged 45 and was given various medicines but none worked. Now he is not receiving any treatment: he was told by doctors they had "given up" on him.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 40 - 49
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Devon - Interview 12
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Devon says he was given bigger dose because he is Black, and couldn't walk properly as a result, but he listened to the doctors because he wanted to g
Devon, 49, is married and was born in Jamaica; he came to the UK in 1965. He was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia aged 22 and depression aged 48. He is a founder member of the organization Sound Minds - www.soundminds.co.uk - a user-led music project.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 60 - 69
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Ataur - Interview 03
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Ataur's antidepressant made his head burn and itch and caused pain in his joints.
This 60 year old, Bangladesh-born man moved to Britain in 1964 and developed depression aged 17. He believes a weak mind makes it difficult for him to deal with life's problems and finds talking with friends the best way to manage his depression.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 40 - 49
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Rehana - Interview 18
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Rehana described her symptoms to her doctor so many times she lost count, and was eventually prescribed medication by an emergency doctor.
Rehana, 49, describes herself as Pakistani and has lived in the UK for 27 years. She experiences severe depression, anxiety and panic attacks. Rehana feels ashamed of having depression and is worried that if people find out they might make fun of her.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 40 - 49
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Devon - Interview 12
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Devon thought his hospitalisation was a mistake and talks about institutional racism.
Devon, 49, is married and was born in Jamaica; he came to the UK in 1965. He was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia aged 22 and depression aged 48. He is a founder member of the organization Sound Minds - www.soundminds.co.uk - a user-led music project.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 30 - 39
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Dolly - Interview 14
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Dolly says medication is not a cure.
Dolly, a 36 year old writer and author of The World is Full of Laughter, is of mixed ethnicity (White/Asian), and first experienced psychosis aged 14. She finds Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Buddhism and meditation very useful.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 20 - 29
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Patricia - Interview 16
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Patricia experiences a constant feeling of anxiety, "like going to an exam" every day.
Patricia, 25, describes herself as White European. She was born in Portugal and came to the UK to work and has been here for 9 months. For the past five years, Patricia has felt anxious every day and experienced numerous panic attacks.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 30 - 39
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Shareen - Interview 22
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Shareen often experiences panic attacks and says they feel like she is having a heart attack. (Played by an actor).
Shareen, 39, describes herself as Asian. She was born in the UK but lived in Pakistan between the ages of 11 and 19. Shareen experiences panic attacks, anxiety and depression. Shareen's sister, Marlene was also interviewed.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 50 - 59
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Nelsy - Interview 21
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Nelsy didn't realise she was experiencing mental health problems and was shocked when she was taken to a psychiatric hospital.
Nelsy, 56, was born in Colombia and has been in the UK for 19 years. Nelsy experienced a nervous breakdown. She believes that illnesses are caused by accumulated anger and "fear of the social pressures for an impossible social equality".
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 20 - 29
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Tariq - Interview 06
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When his symptoms got worse, Tariq told people he trusted and they went with him to the hospital; he was given medication and then the crisis team vis
This 21 year old Asian student was diagnosed with manic depression and then schizophrenia. He disagrees that the mental health system is institutionally racist, saying that he encountered discrimination due to his mental health not his ethnicity.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 40 - 49
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Hanif - Interview 30
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Hanif's father forced him to see a psychiatrist and he thinks it was probably for the best because his behaviour was putting him at risk and he wouldn
Hanif, 49, describes himself as Indian and has lived in the UK for 25 years. Hanif experienced cannabis induced psychosis and was diagnosed with bipolar disorder aged 23. Hanif works in mental health, campaigning to reduce stigma.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 20 - 29
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Chapman - Interview 20
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Chapman explains why he thinks he was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and says if the diagnosis was right his medication would work.
Chapman, 23, describes himself as Black-African and was born in Zimbabwe. He has been in the UK for 7 years and is awaiting the decision of an application for asylum. He was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia at the age of 20.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 20 - 29
>>
Tariq - Interview 06
>>
Tariq saw dead people and people following him around, but has difficulty remembering exactly what he saw. (Played by an actor).
This 21 year old Asian student was diagnosed with manic depression and then schizophrenia. He disagrees that the mental health system is institutionally racist, saying that he encountered discrimination due to his mental health not his ethnicity.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 40 - 49
>>
Terri - Interview 24
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Terri describes different her symptoms, including not wanting to get out of bed and having to force herself to do housework. (Played by an actor).
Terri, 41, describes herself as Black-British. She was diagnosed with depression in her early 30s. Terri says she now realises that she has an illness and has to take her medication or she will get into a deep depression.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
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Aged 40 - 49
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Michael - Interview 31
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Michael believes drugs such as psycho-stimulants cause mental health problems, not social factors; but says mental health services disagree with him.
Michael, 49, describes himself as a European Ashkenazi Jew. He has been given a variety of diagnoses, including bipolar affective disorder, personality disorder, paranoid schizophrenia, learning disability, and severe mental impairment.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 50 - 59
>>
Raj - Interview 19
>>
Raj was unable to work following a heart attack and says this made him depressed. (Audio in Punjabi, text in English).
Raj, 55, describes himself as British-Indian. He was born in India and came to the UK aged 13. He developed depression following a heart attack but says it took the doctor a long time to diagnose it. Raj's wife helps care for him.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 40 - 49
>>
Niabingi - Interview 01
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Says different professionals had different responses to her using herbal remedies and that the white professionals were very sceptical.
This 42 year old Black, British born woman was diagnosed at the age of 25 with paranoid schizophrenia but disagrees with the paranoid part. She believes that her mental distress was caused by the racism she experienced when growing up.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 40 - 49
>>
Hanif - Interview 30
>>
Hanif recalls being treated for possession and explains why he believes that a combination of prayer and medication - "dua and dawa" - is helpful.
Hanif, 49, describes himself as Indian and has lived in the UK for 25 years. Hanif experienced cannabis induced psychosis and was diagnosed with bipolar disorder aged 23. Hanif works in mental health, campaigning to reduce stigma.
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 60 - 69
>>
Mae - Interview 04
>>
Mae experienced discrimination when in hospital and was "slung out" of hospital for not co-operating and being violent. (Played by an actor).
This 62 year old woman has manic depression and describes herself as mixed race. She enjoys life now and is glad to be alive. She thinks going to groups is important and says black families sometimes push away relatives with mental health problems.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 30 - 39
>>
Dolly - Interview 14
>>
Dolly says she saw staff use more force and more medication for Black patients; she also says staff made assumptions about what language she speaks an
Dolly, a 36 year old writer and author of The World is Full of Laughter, is of mixed ethnicity (White/Asian), and first experienced psychosis aged 14. She finds Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Buddhism and meditation very useful.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 50 - 59
>>
Lorenz - Interview 11
>>
Lorenz was placed in a straightjacket but says he does not think it was discrimination, although others tell him he should see it that way.
Lorenz is a 50 year old Black Afro-Caribbean man who has been in the UK since 1966. He was diagnosed with schizophrenia aged 20 and this is now controlled by the anti-psychotic Aripiprazole (10mg daily) enabling Lorenz to work as a social care assistant.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 40 - 49
>>
Terri - Interview 24
>>
Terri stopped going to the support group because she felt didn't fit in, but going gives her something to look forward to. (Played by an actor).
Terri, 41, describes herself as Black-British. She was diagnosed with depression in her early 30s. Terri says she now realises that she has an illness and has to take her medication or she will get into a deep depression.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 50 - 59
>>
Lorenz - Interview 11
>>
Lorenz says he'll never get rid of his schizophrenia but he can control it.
Lorenz is a 50 year old Black Afro-Caribbean man who has been in the UK since 1966. He was diagnosed with schizophrenia aged 20 and this is now controlled by the anti-psychotic Aripiprazole (10mg daily) enabling Lorenz to work as a social care assistant.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 60 - 69
>>
Mae - Interview 04
>>
Mae says herbal remedies have helped her, but urges people to be careful and to speak to their doctor and others who have tried them.
This 62 year old woman has manic depression and describes herself as mixed race. She enjoys life now and is glad to be alive. She thinks going to groups is important and says black families sometimes push away relatives with mental health problems.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 30 - 39
>>
David - Interview 15
>>
David says medication is the only thing that worked for him and it has been a lifesaver.
David, 37, describes his ethnicity as mixed (White/North African). David was diagnosed with post traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder and severe depression, 29 years after he first saw a psychiatrist. David's wife is also his carer.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 20 - 29
>>
Ali - Interview 33
>>
Ali says his antidepressant is the best medicine in the world and although it gives him some side-effects it stops him from getting depressed. (Played
Ali, 27, was born in Pakistan and has been studying and working in the UK. Ali says that although it's easier to explain things to professionals from the same culture, as long as the other person is understanding, you can always clarify things.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 40 - 49
>>
Niabingi - Interview 01
>>
She's ambivalent about taking an antipsychotic; although she realises she needs it she feels she isn't well if she's taking medication. (Played by an
This 42 year old Black, British born woman was diagnosed at the age of 25 with paranoid schizophrenia but disagrees with the paranoid part. She believes that her mental distress was caused by the racism she experienced when growing up.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 30 - 39
>>
Dolly - Interview 14
>>
Dolly says doctors do not understand side effects, but is pleased her current doctor supports her in managing dosage herself.
Dolly, a 36 year old writer and author of The World is Full of Laughter, is of mixed ethnicity (White/Asian), and first experienced psychosis aged 14. She finds Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Buddhism and meditation very useful.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 30 - 39
>>
Ugo - Interview 02
>>
Ugo describes the side effects from her medication but says she would not stop taking it because she would become unwell within 6 weeks.
This Black-British woman became depressed in 1981 after 6 miscarriages, and losing her husband and home. She's also diagnosed with personality disorder (which she disagrees with) and lost custody of her child because of her mental health problems.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 60 - 69
>>
Ataur - Interview 03
>>
Ataur describes the side effects he experienced when he reduced his dose of medication and what happens when he gives up medication; says he feels the
This 60 year old, Bangladesh-born man moved to Britain in 1964 and developed depression aged 17. He believes a weak mind makes it difficult for him to deal with life's problems and finds talking with friends the best way to manage his depression.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 30 - 39
>>
Dolly - Interview 14
>>
Dolly describes her reasons for wanting to stop taking her medication and the importance of having a "supportive structure" around her.
Dolly, a 36 year old writer and author of The World is Full of Laughter, is of mixed ethnicity (White/Asian), and first experienced psychosis aged 14. She finds Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Buddhism and meditation very useful.
Topic
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Not taking prescribed medication
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Not taking prescribed medication
Not taking prescribed medication
Mental health
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Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 40 - 49
>>
Imani - Interview 26
>>
Imani saw GPs from different backgrounds and reflects on her expectations and experiences of the consultation.
Imani, 48, describes herself as African-Caribbean, and was born in the UK. She was diagnosed with depression aged 47 having survived an abusive marriage. Imani is feeling better now she is taking antidepressants and having Christian counselling.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Aged 50 - 59
>>
Lorenz - Interview 11
>>
Having a mental health problem led him to lose one job; in another job, he found it difficult to concentrate because of his medication, earning him th
Lorenz is a 50 year old Black Afro-Caribbean man who has been in the UK since 1966. He was diagnosed with schizophrenia aged 20 and this is now controlled by the anti-psychotic Aripiprazole (10mg daily) enabling Lorenz to work as a social care assistant.
Mental health
>>
Mental health: ethnic minority experiences
>>
Prescribed medication & side effects
>>
Prescribed medication & side effects
Prescribed medication & side effects
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