home
a-z of conditions
forums
news
about us
See all conditions
Medical research
Clinical Trials
Forum
Resources & Information
Subject index
Credits
Full list of topics
Finding out about a trial :
What are clinical trials and why do we need them?
Different types of clinical trial
Being asked about taking part in a trial
Information and questions
Difficulties finding a trial to join
Deciding whether to take part – risk and benefits :
Reasons for wanting to take part – personal benefit
Reasons for wanting to take part – helping medical science
Deciding not to take part
Thinking about withdrawing from a trial
Why people may not be eligible to join a trial
Being in a trial :
Feelings about being allocated (randomised) to a treatment group
Feelings about being in a placebo-controlled trial
Blinded trials
Non-randomised trial designs and other studies
Side effects and queries
Time commitment, money and other practical issues
Appointments, monitoring, questionnaires
Communication between different health professionals
At the end of a trial :
Feelings when a trial ends
Feedback of trial results
Other issues :
Attitudes to taking part in another trial
Funding and publishing trials
Public awareness and involvement
Under-researched topics/priorities for other research
Messages to other people
Messages to professionals
Search the whole site
Search in this condition
Clinical Trials
Subject index
Topic
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Thinking about withdrawing from a trial
>>
Thinking about withdrawing from a trial
Thinking about withdrawing from a trial
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
What are clinical trials and why do we need them?
>>
What are clinical trials and why do we need them?
What are clinical trials and why do we need them?
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Information and questions
>>
Information and questions
Information and questions
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Feelings about being in a placebo-controlled trial
>>
Feelings about being in a placebo-controlled trial
Feelings about being in a placebo-controlled trial
Clip
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Not taking part in a trial
>>
Lesley - Interview 44
>>
She felt this was a decision she had to make for herself. The research assistant accepted her decision and did not try to change her mind.
Lesley slipped and fractured her heel. She was invited to take part in a trial comparing surgery with letting the bones heal naturally. She decided not to take part because she wanted the consultant to make a decision about treatment.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Long term conditions
>>
Elvan - Interview 15
>>
Elvan feels you need to trust your doctors as the experts. It didn’t matter to him which group he was in.
Elvan took part in a trial of medication for hypertension. His blood pressure did not improve much, but he felt well cared for and is glad to have taken part. He has since joined another trial in the same unit.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Long term conditions
>>
Phil - Interview 11
>>
Phil explains what the blood pressure trial was comparing and how people were allocated at random to different groups. He felt safe because he knew th
Phil took part in a trial of medication for high blood pressure and cholesterol. He had some side effects early on, so the medication was changed. He has been very happy with the care provided as part of the trial.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Not taking part in a trial
>>
Elizabeth - Interview 27
>>
When she told the consultant her decision, he seemed angry, which made her feel vulnerable and upset. She worried that if she had dropped out after ra
Elizabeth was invited to join a trial of chemotherapy for ovarian cancer, but decided not to take part as she knew which treatment she would prefer and did not want to be randomised to another group. She felt the consultant was cross about her decision.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Organising trials
>>
Sir Richard Doll - Interview 31
>>
Sir Richard Doll, a pioneer of clinical trials, explains an early attempt to run a randomised trial with wounded soldiers during WWII, and the lack of
Sir Richard Doll was one of the doctors who first demonstrated the link between lung cancer and smoking. He was Warden of Green College, Oxford. He was interviewed shortly before his death, in 2005.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Trials involving surgery
>>
Merilyn - Interview 41
>>
Merilyn was quite pleased when she found out which type of by-pass surgery she had been allocated to, but she didn’t really mind either way.
Merilyn took part in a randomised trial of different procedures for carrying out a heart bypass operation. She was in the group which had the new procedure.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Screening, prevention other medical interventions
>>
Amanda - Interview 22
>>
Amanda has worked on reviews of evidence about medical treatments, and is still shocked sometimes to find out how little evidence we have for some thi
Amanda has taken part in a trial of pro-biotic yoghurt for irritable bowel syndrome, and withdrew from a trial about early interventions to prevent diabetes. She is setting up a website for the public to design their own trials.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Cancer - Non-randomised studies
>>
Anthea - Interview 39
>>
Anthea knew she could withdraw if she had bad side effects, but in fact they were generally mild. Only once at the beginning she had to stop for a wee
Anthea was diagnosed with malignant melanoma in 2000. She has been in a randomised trial of treatment with interferon and is now in a phase 1 trial of a combination of drugs which attack the DNA of cancer cells.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Long term conditions
>>
Angela - Interview 23
>>
Angela had some distressing side effects. She told staff but kept going because she had made a commitment and wanted to honour it. She knew it was onl
Angela was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease after taking part in a trial on nerve conduction. She has since been in a randomised trial of different drugs for Parkinson’s and would happily take part in another trial, despite having had side effects.(Angela is also on our Parkinson’s disease site, Interview 10).
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Trials involving surgery
>>
Alex - Interview 45
>>
Alex understood doctors were unsure whether to recommend surgery for heel fracture or not. He had a slight preference for surgery but random allocatio
Alex fractured his heel in 2007. He agreed to take part in a trial comparing surgery with letting the bones heal naturally. He was randomised to the group having surgery, and his heel is slowly recovering.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Cancer drugs and radiotherapy - randomised trials
>>
Wendy - Interview 02
>>
Wendy was asked to take part in a year-long trial of chemotherapy for bowel cancer. She thought it might be ‘too selfish’ to take part if it affected
Wendy was invited to take part in a chemotherapy trial after being diagnosed with bowel cancer. She decided to take part, and was allocated to the experimental group. She experienced quite severe side effects but continued to the end of the treatment.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Cancer drugs and radiotherapy - randomised trials
>>
Celia - Interview 12
>>
Celia wishes she had withdrawn from the trial. She has since found that her system seems to be unusually sensitive to radiotherapy, and she believes t
Celia took part in a randomised controlled trial comparing different periods of radiotherapy for lymphoma. She was would have preferred the shorter course; she was allocated to the longer course but took part anyway.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Screening, prevention other medical interventions
>>
Amanda - Interview 22
>>
In a randomised trial we do not know which treatment is best, so we don’t know if it’s better to be in one group or another. Randomisation is the best
Amanda has taken part in a trial of pro-biotic yoghurt for irritable bowel syndrome, and withdrew from a trial about early interventions to prevent diabetes. She is setting up a website for the public to design their own trials.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Not taking part in a trial
>>
Polly - Interview 09
>>
Polly advises people to ask a lot of questions and get a second opinion if possible.
Polly was invited to be in a trial comparing tamoxifen against a placebo for breast cancer in the 1990s. She decided not to take part, because she felt there was already good evidence to support the use of tamoxifen.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Trials involving surgery
>>
Ronny - Interview 42
>>
Ronny was prepared to let the computer decide which treatment he would have for prostate cancer, but if he had been allocated to radiotherapy he would
Ronny was invited by his GP to be screened for prostate cancer as part of a trial. He discovered he had cancer. He was randomised to have radical surgery (rather than monitoring or radiotherapy) and is pleased with how it went.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Organising trials
>>
Sir Iain Chalmers - Interview 30
>>
Iain explains why he thinks randomised trials are the only ethical way to make progress when we don’t know which treatment is best, for example in pro
Iain is a keen advocate for well-designed randomised controlled trials to test treatments.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Screening, prevention other medical interventions
>>
Tony - Interview 36
>>
Tony explains why he took part in an early placebo-controlled trial of Viagra (sildenafil) for erectile dysfunction, and why testing against a placebo
Tony took part in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Viagra (sildenafil) for erectile dysfunction following a prostate operation. He was in the placebo arm but was given Viagra after the trial ended. (Husband of Pam, Interview 21).
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Cancer drugs and radiotherapy - randomised trials
>>
Jayne - Interview 03
>>
Jayne is strongly committed to the value of research and wanted something good to come out of her illness – not for herself but for others, including
Jayne had breast cancer aged 33. She wanted to join a clinical trial but her consultant was not interested, so she transferred to another hospital and took part in a trial comparing tamoxifen with tamoxifen plus goserelin (Zoladex).
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Cancer drugs and radiotherapy - randomised trials
>>
Wendy - Interview 02
>>
It was an anxious time waiting to hear which trial group she was in. She’d have felt cheated if she had been in the control group, but would have stay
Wendy was invited to take part in a chemotherapy trial after being diagnosed with bowel cancer. She decided to take part, and was allocated to the experimental group. She experienced quite severe side effects but continued to the end of the treatment.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Long term conditions
>>
Kate - Interview 13
>>
Kate’s husband was annoyed when he guessed he was in the placebo group. He continued for the sake of the study, but it was a relief when it ended. He
Kate and her husband took part in a trial comparing injections of grass pollen antigen against a placebo as a way to reduce hay fever. Kate was in the experimental group and her husband in the placebo group.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Not taking part in a trial
>>
Hazel - Interview 05
>>
Hazel feels passionately that the public needs better information about trials. The need to compare things to decide which is best is something people
Hazel learnt she had breast cancer (DCIS) after screening in 1991. After surgery she was asked to be in a trial comparing no further treatment with radiotherapy, tamoxifen, or radiotherapy and tamoxifen combined. She declined to take part. (You can see Hazel talking more about her experiences on the Healthtalkonline site on Breast cancer screening, Interview 17 & DCIS, Interview 26).
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Trials involving surgery
>>
Ronny - Interview 42
>>
Waiting to hear which group he was in was ‘a long few minutes’. Ronny hoped he’d be in the active monitoring group, but it turned out to be surgery. H
Ronny was invited by his GP to be screened for prostate cancer as part of a trial. He discovered he had cancer. He was randomised to have radical surgery (rather than monitoring or radiotherapy) and is pleased with how it went.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Screening, prevention other medical interventions
>>
Rosamund - Interview 18
>>
Rosamund supports medical research, but it depends how invasive the different interventions are. She felt having ovarian screening could be uncomforta
Rosamund is taking part in a large trial testing the effectiveness of screening for ovarian cancer. She is in the control group, so she has no screening tests but completes regular questionnaires.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Long term conditions
>>
Sergio - Interview 37
>>
Sergio was told at the end of the trial he had been taking the active drug, but his diabetes symptoms had not changed. He always understood the trial
Sergio has taken part in several trials, including a placebo-controlled trial of diabetes medication, and a trial of talking therapy for depression. He likes to volunteer to support medical research.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Cancer - Non-randomised studies
>>
Shirley - Interview 16
>>
The sentinel node biopsy involved little apart from being injected with a dye which showed through her skin for some time after. She is not sure she w
Shirley was invited to join a surgical trial of sentinel node biopsy after she had been diagnosed with breast cancer (DCIS, ductal carcinoma in situ). (You can read more of Shirley’s experience on the healthtalkonline DCIS site, Interview 22).
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Cancer drugs and radiotherapy - randomised trials
>>
Judith - Interview 24
>>
Consenting to the trial was not a huge decision. Both groups had chemotherapy, one every two weeks and one every three weeks. She would have preferred
Judith agreed to take part in a randomised trial comparing different intervals of chemotherapy treatment for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. She was allocated to the standard treatment and responded well.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Cancer - Non-randomised studies
>>
Pam - Interview 21
>>
Pam could only get lapatinib through an open-label expanded access study. She’d have joined a randomised trial if necessary, but feels NICE should app
Pam has breast cancer which spread to her bones and liver. She joined an open-label expanded access study of lapatinib and capecitabine, before lapatinib was licensed for general use. She left the study after lapatinib stopped working. (Wife of Tony, Interview 36)
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Not taking part in a trial
>>
Charles - Interview 29
>>
He did not mind the idea of a placebo, and would have been curious to see if he was susceptible to the placebo effect. He might have dropped out if he
Charles volunteered for two trials, but ended up unable to take part in either of them. The first time he did not meet the eligibility criteria. The second time was because of an administrative mix-up about his age, and he feels it was not well handled.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Not taking part in a trial
>>
Hazel - Interview 05
>>
Hazel felt she did not know enough about the condition or the facts of her own case to make an informed choice about the trial, especially as the four
Hazel learnt she had breast cancer (DCIS) after screening in 1991. After surgery she was asked to be in a trial comparing no further treatment with radiotherapy, tamoxifen, or radiotherapy and tamoxifen combined. She declined to take part. (You can see Hazel talking more about her experiences on the Healthtalkonline site on Breast cancer screening, Interview 17 & DCIS, Interview 26).
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Long term conditions
>>
Kate - Interview 13
>>
Kate took part in an experimental non-randomised study of a new type of hip surgery. It is only available as part of an audit run by NICE of how safe
Kate and her husband took part in a trial comparing injections of grass pollen antigen against a placebo as a way to reduce hay fever. Kate was in the experimental group and her husband in the placebo group.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Not taking part in a trial
>>
Elizabeth - Interview 27
>>
Elizabeth declined to take part in a trial in early stage ovarian cancer. She felt she did not need extra treatment and was worried about side effects
Elizabeth was invited to join a trial of chemotherapy for ovarian cancer, but decided not to take part as she knew which treatment she would prefer and did not want to be randomised to another group. She felt the consultant was cross about her decision.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Long term conditions
>>
David - Interview 34
>>
He’d have been interested to see what happened if he had been in the placebo group. Before the trial he might have felt disappointed to get a placebo
David volunteered for a placebo-controlled trial of a new treatment derived from mouse DNA to improve asthma symptoms. He later discovered he was in the group taking a lower dose of the treatment, but he would not have minded being in the placebo group.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Not taking part in a trial
>>
Polly - Interview 09
>>
Polly decided not to take part in a placebo-controlled trial of tamoxifen because she felt there was already enough evidence it worked for breast canc
Polly was invited to be in a trial comparing tamoxifen against a placebo for breast cancer in the 1990s. She decided not to take part, because she felt there was already good evidence to support the use of tamoxifen.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Organising trials
>>
Lester - Interview 06
>>
It comes down to whether you can trust your doctor if they tell you they do not know which treatment is best. Knowing that a trial has ethics approval
Lester’s son Ellis died in 2001 of variant CJD. Lester later became involved as a lay chair of a trial looking at the effectiveness of a drug called quinacrine for people with variant CJD.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Mental health trials
>>
Anton - Interview 28
>>
Anton has taken part in many trials comparing different treatments, but would never agree to be in a placebo-controlled trial.
Anton has a long history of depression and has volunteered for several different trials in mental health, including trials of talking therapies as well as drug trials.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Not taking part in a trial
>>
Hazel - Interview 05
>>
She later discovered some doctors disagreed with radiotherapy as a treatment for DCIS, and were entering their patients only for the tamoxifen or no t
Hazel learnt she had breast cancer (DCIS) after screening in 1991. After surgery she was asked to be in a trial comparing no further treatment with radiotherapy, tamoxifen, or radiotherapy and tamoxifen combined. She declined to take part. (You can see Hazel talking more about her experiences on the Healthtalkonline site on Breast cancer screening, Interview 17 & DCIS, Interview 26).
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Cancer drugs and radiotherapy - randomised trials
>>
Jayne - Interview 03
>>
Jayne did not mind being in the control group, even though the new treatment tested in the trial has now become the standard treatment, so she was not
Jayne had breast cancer aged 33. She wanted to join a clinical trial but her consultant was not interested, so she transferred to another hospital and took part in a trial comparing tamoxifen with tamoxifen plus goserelin (Zoladex).
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Not taking part in a trial
>>
Polly - Interview 09
>>
She would probably have taken part if tamoxifen had been available only through a clinical trial. She is not against placebo-controlled trials in prin
Polly was invited to be in a trial comparing tamoxifen against a placebo for breast cancer in the 1990s. She decided not to take part, because she felt there was already good evidence to support the use of tamoxifen.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Not taking part in a trial
>>
Hazel - Interview 05
>>
Staff put no pressure on her to take part, but once she declined they could advise her and reach a shared decision about treatment. In ‘researcher mod
Hazel learnt she had breast cancer (DCIS) after screening in 1991. After surgery she was asked to be in a trial comparing no further treatment with radiotherapy, tamoxifen, or radiotherapy and tamoxifen combined. She declined to take part. (You can see Hazel talking more about her experiences on the Healthtalkonline site on Breast cancer screening, Interview 17 & DCIS, Interview 26).
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Screening, prevention other medical interventions
>>
Sue - Interview 01
>>
Sue would not have minded if she had been allocated to the control group. Control groups are essential to measure the effects of the new intervention.
Sue’s first baby was born by emergency caesarean. In her next pregnancy she took part in a trial looking at different types of information and decision aids about birth choices for women who had already had one caesarean. She was pleased to be involved.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Not taking part in a trial
>>
Polly - Interview 09
>>
Polly never felt she got a straight answer about why the trial was needed and whether the doctor would have offered her tamoxifen outside the trial. A
Polly was invited to be in a trial comparing tamoxifen against a placebo for breast cancer in the 1990s. She decided not to take part, because she felt there was already good evidence to support the use of tamoxifen.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Not taking part in a trial
>>
Polly - Interview 09
>>
Polly never felt she got a straight answer about why the trial was needed and whether the doctor would have offered her tamoxifen outside the trial. A
Polly was invited to be in a trial comparing tamoxifen against a placebo for breast cancer in the 1990s. She decided not to take part, because she felt there was already good evidence to support the use of tamoxifen.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Not taking part in a trial
>>
Polly - Interview 09
>>
Polly wonders if we could run trials where people could choose a treatment rather than being randomised without biasing the results.
Polly was invited to be in a trial comparing tamoxifen against a placebo for breast cancer in the 1990s. She decided not to take part, because she felt there was already good evidence to support the use of tamoxifen.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Long term conditions
>>
Angela - Interview 23
>>
Angela would take part in a trial another time, including a placebo-controlled trial, because she feels it’s important for medical science.
Angela was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease after taking part in a trial on nerve conduction. She has since been in a randomised trial of different drugs for Parkinson’s and would happily take part in another trial, despite having had side effects.(Angela is also on our Parkinson’s disease site, Interview 10).
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Cancer drugs and radiotherapy - randomised trials
>>
Jayne - Interview 03
>>
Jayne explains the need for randomisation to have comparable groups of people in each arm of the trial.
Jayne had breast cancer aged 33. She wanted to join a clinical trial but her consultant was not interested, so she transferred to another hospital and took part in a trial comparing tamoxifen with tamoxifen plus goserelin (Zoladex).
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Cancer drugs and radiotherapy - randomised trials
>>
Jayne - Interview 03
>>
Unless you have strong feelings about which trial group you would want to be in, Jayne advises people to take part. She is confident in the system of
Jayne had breast cancer aged 33. She wanted to join a clinical trial but her consultant was not interested, so she transferred to another hospital and took part in a trial comparing tamoxifen with tamoxifen plus goserelin (Zoladex).
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Screening, prevention other medical interventions
>>
Amanda - Interview 22
>>
She wonders if the nurse didn’t want her doing anything extra that might affect the diabetes trial results. But it shouldn’t matter in a randomised tr
Amanda has taken part in a trial of pro-biotic yoghurt for irritable bowel syndrome, and withdrew from a trial about early interventions to prevent diabetes. She is setting up a website for the public to design their own trials.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Screening, prevention other medical interventions
>>
Rosamund - Interview 18
>>
Rosamund would not have agreed to take part in a study which did not use randomisation to make the groups comparable – it is the only way to get a rel
Rosamund is taking part in a large trial testing the effectiveness of screening for ovarian cancer. She is in the control group, so she has no screening tests but completes regular questionnaires.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Cancer drugs and radiotherapy - randomised trials
>>
Judith - Interview 24
>>
A relative with multiple sclerosis was upset to find he’d been in the placebo group in a trial. She would not like to be in a placebo-controlled trial
Judith agreed to take part in a randomised trial comparing different intervals of chemotherapy treatment for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. She was allocated to the standard treatment and responded well.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Screening, prevention other medical interventions
>>
Jenny - Interview 40
>>
Jenny can’t imagine any condition where she’d be willing to think about a placebo-controlled trial. She recognises the possibility of benefiting from
Jenny is in a trial of different ways of treating heavy periods at her GP surgery. The trial compares standard treatment with a new kind of coil or intrauterine device which releases a hormone in the womb.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Long term conditions
>>
Sergio - Interview 37
>>
Sergio was not worried about whether he got the placebo or the active drug. Since the case at Northwick Park, he has been more wary of the possible ri
Sergio has taken part in several trials, including a placebo-controlled trial of diabetes medication, and a trial of talking therapy for depression. He likes to volunteer to support medical research.
Medical research
>>
Clinical Trials
>>
Cancer - Non-randomised studies
>>
Julian - Interview 33
>>
He can see that often a placebo might be safer than the trial drug. But in his case, he feels the evidence is already so strong he would not be happy
Julian has prostate cancer. He is in a Phase 1 trial of a drug (a PARP inhibitor) which may stop cancer cells regrowing in people like him who have the BRCA2 genetic mutation. This mutation increases the risk of prostate and other cancers.
Mail to a friend