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Pregnancy & children
Breastfeeding
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Full list of topics
Deciding to breastfeed :
Previous awareness of breastfeeding
Gathering information, making the decision & preparing for breastfeeding
Getting started with breastfeeding :
The first breastfeed
Support from hospital staff
Positioning & attaching/latching the baby at the breast
The milk coming in
Sore nipples
The sensation of breastfeeding
Feeding patterns in the early days
Going home with a breastfed baby
Managing breastfeeding :
What daily life is like with a breastfed baby
Breastfeeding during the night
Getting support for breastfeeding
Monitoring baby's growth
Dealing with difficult times
Impact of breastfeeding upon the mother
Changing family relationships with breastfed baby
Breastfeeding an older baby
Breastfeeding and working
Breastfeeding away from home
Variations of the breastfeeding experience
Emotional & psychological aspects of breastfeeding
Cultural aspects of breastfeeding
Breastfeeding in special circumstances :
When extra care is needed for mother and/or baby
Breastfeeding more than one baby
Weaning the baby from the breast :
Introducing solid foods
Managing weaning including thoughts and feelings
Reflecting upon breastfeeding :
Advice for pregnant mothers and new mothers
Comments for health professionals
Thinking about the wider breastfeeding environment
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Breastfeeding
Subject index
Topic
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Breastfeeding
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Changing family relationships with breastfed baby
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Changing family relationships with breastfed baby
Changing family relationships with a breastfed baby
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Breastfeeding
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Changing family relationships with breastfed baby
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Changing family relationships with breastfed baby
Changing family relationships with a breastfed baby
Pregnancy & children
>>
Breastfeeding
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Changing family relationships with breastfed baby
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Changing family relationships with breastfed baby
Changing family relationships with a breastfed baby
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Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 30-34
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Interview 18
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The times when her baby had a growth spurt and fed frequently were when she lost confidence and was tempted to give up.
Bottle fed first baby; breastfed second (6 months, enjoyable, copious milk supply) and third for six weeks (difficult, unsettled).
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 35-39
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Interview 33
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She valued the advice and support from her family more than her health professionals, who may not have had the knowledge or the experience of breastfe
Water birth, easy breastfeeding with first child. Sleep deprivation and mastitis with second. Weaning to bottle at six months in order to go back to work.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 25-29
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Interview 12
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As a breastfeeding support worker, she was aware of unsupportive practices amongst health professionals and the impact that they had on women.
Breastfeeding wonderful, easy. Demand fed even when baby was in an incubator after becoming jaundiced. Encourages other women in her role as breastfeeding support worker. Breastfed through Ramadan.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 35-39
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Interview 35
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She developed the confidence to trust her instincts and realised that her baby wanted to be with her and that they would learn together as a family.
Pre-eclamptic fit, caesarean section, breastfed in intensive care and later in coronary care (heart failure/post partum cardiomyopathy). Determined breastfeeder. Peer counsellor and breastfeeding programme administrator.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 30-34
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Interview 31
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Her cracked and bleeding nipples were so painful that she dreaded feeding her baby. She got a lot of differing advice. Her nipples were not so bad wit
First month of breastfeeding was the hardest thing she has done in her life. Very sore and cracked nipples. Fussy babies at 4-5 months, early weaning with first baby.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 25-29
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Interview 22
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She used expressed breastmilk in a bottle when feeding in places where she or other people may have felt uncomfortable. She did not breastfeed in fron
Difficulty with latch-on; poor weight gain; mixed breastfeeding and bottle feeding (expressed breast milk and formula); baby on regular 6 feeds during the day.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 30-34
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Interview 27
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She talks about breastfeeding on an international aeroplane and how it helped her baby to cope with changes in cabin pressure and “popping ears”.
Nursing strikes with her son. Daughter required heart surgery after birth. Expressed breastmilk for her and also provided some for the milk bank. Working and breastfeeding.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 20-24
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Interview 09
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She naively assumed that breastfeeding would be easy but found that it wasn't. She was determined and was proud to have succeeded at one of the things
Initially found breastfeeding hard with tongue-tie, sore nipples latching-on problems and syringe feeding. Sought help from chiropractor with craniosacral therapy for baby. Proud that she persevered.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 35-39
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Interview 21
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She knew that it was not her but her baby who was having trouble with breastfeeding. She found special weight charts for babies with Down's Syndrome.
Breastfed 1st baby with ease. 2nd baby has Down's Syndrome, breastfed but it wasn't easy. Gives tips for breastfeeding a Down's Syndrome baby.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 25-29
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Interview 22
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She received variable advice from a variety of health professionals and doubted her ability as a mother until she attended a lactation clinic for expe
Difficulty with latch-on; poor weight gain; mixed breastfeeding and bottle feeding (expressed breast milk and formula); baby on regular 6 feeds during the day.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 35-39
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Interview 26
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Having a baby brought responsibilities and a clearer distinction in roles for him. His relationship with his children has strengthened with time.
Father of three. Supportive of long-term breastfeeding and co-sleeping.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 25-29
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Interview 12
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As a breastfeeding support worker she visited Muslim families to explain the importance of breastfeeding. She talked about breastfeeding through Ramad
Breastfeeding wonderful, easy. Demand fed even when baby was in an incubator after becoming jaundiced. Encourages other women in her role as breastfeeding support worker. Breastfed through Ramadan.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 35-39
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Interview 45
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Originally from Colombia, she says that most women breastfeed there. Her mother came to the UK to look after her for a month after the birth of her ba
Loves breastfeeding despite painful beginning. Used nipple shields. Hates being separated from her baby. Feeding time is family time. Husband works away from home during week.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 30-34
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Interview 31
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Her mother-in-law was supportive even though she had not breastfed herself. She talked about the Indian traditions surrounding the birth of a baby, pa
First month of breastfeeding was the hardest thing she has done in her life. Very sore and cracked nipples. Fussy babies at 4-5 months, early weaning with first baby.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 35-39
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Interview 13
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She said that the Jewish culture is very pro-breastfeeding and the women are well looked after in the post-partum period.
Long-term breast milk expression for two babies with cleft palate. Relactation for second baby (viral meningitis at birth), extreme dairy intolerance, breastfed after operation to repair cleft.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 30-34
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Interview 29
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Although she is westernised, she talked about Thai traditions and how they differed from breastfeeding practices in the UK.
One son (mixed feeding) born in Thailand, one (exclusive breastfeeding) in Britain. Very different health systems and support. Positioning problems, crying babies. Learned by observing other women.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 35-39
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Interview 08
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Her first baby was born in the Middle East. She talks about the support that Omani women received from their extended family and how different it was
Struggled to feed first baby, feeling very isolated in the Middle East. Second baby easier, fed through gastroenteritis infection. Both babies had short time in Special Care.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 35-39
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Interview 17
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She preferred to stay at home with her children as her own mother did and was dreading going back to work.
Difficulties with breastfeeding including positioning, sore nipples (used nipple shields), low milk supply, poor weight gain, possible depression. Having nightmares about going back to work.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 35-39
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Interview 45
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She went back to part-time work and left expressed breast milk for her son. It was easy for him but hard for her.
Loves breastfeeding despite painful beginning. Used nipple shields. Hates being separated from her baby. Feeding time is family time. Husband works away from home during week.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 30-34
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Interview 47
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She got “a bit panicked” about going back to work until she realised that she would be at home with her baby more than she would be at work.
Excellent help with getting breastfeeding established with first child. No problems with either. Anxious about going back to work and being separated from baby.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 30-34
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Interview 47
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She saw relative's breastfeeding and assumed that she would too. She remembers her younger brother being breastfed and talked to her mother about brea
Excellent help with getting breastfeeding established with first child. No problems with either. Anxious about going back to work and being separated from baby.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 25-29
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Interview 37
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She thinks that breastfeeding her children changed attitudes within her extended family and she and her husband believe that their daughter will also
Unsatisfactory hospital experience with first baby; other two were home births. Regrets stopping breastfeeding her first child to go back to work. She didn't do that again.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 35-39
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Interview 28
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After a quick birth and meconium in her waters, her baby did not want to feed. She says that she now knows that it is normal for some babies to take a
La Leche League Leader, long-term breastfeeder, needed to take care with latching on, engorgement, dealt with occasional blocked ducts herself, breastfed while pregnant, tandem fed baby & toddler.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 30-34
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Interview 48
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She left the house in a hurry and came back to find that her husband and parents had cleaned it. She felt both happy and anxious to be home.
Apprehensive at first about not feeding straight after the birth and then positioning baby at the breast. No problems thereafter. Managing gradual weaning.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 35-39
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Interview 33
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She moved her babies out of her room early and went through to feed them because they disrupted her and her husband's sleep.
Water birth, easy breastfeeding with first child. Sleep deprivation and mastitis with second. Weaning to bottle at six months in order to go back to work.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 20-24
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Interview 16
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Finding the correct position took a lot of trial and error and the help of a lactation consultant. She described how to tell a correct attachment and
Baby in Special Care, fed expressed breast milk via tube, syringe & cup. Problems at home, slow weight gain, mixed feeding. Support from lactation consultant for five months.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 35-39
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Interview 51
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Her first baby had solids at four months but she waited for longer with the others and simply gave them part of the family meal.
Latching-on problems with first baby leading to cracked nipples, engorgement & mastitis. Good milk supply. Joined breastfeeding support group. No problems with next three babies.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 25-29
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Interview 10
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Breastfeeding is not common in her area and she received undermining suggestions from a lot of people around her about introducing infant formula.
Little help from midwives in hospital. Used nipple shields for inverted nipples, affected milk supply. Postnatal depression with one child. Dairy intolerance with another. Practices attachment parenting.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 30-34
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Interview 14
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She thinks that people are conditioned to behave in certain ways and that the barriers to breastfeeding for disadvantaged women are social.
Talks about "natural" birth and breastfeeding; pressure from Social Services and health professionals to conform to expected behaviours; conflicting advice, prolonged breastfeeding and the difficulties of weaning a toddler.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 35-39
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Interview 08
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She was isolated from family and friends with her first baby but had their support with her second. She says to accept help when it is offered.
Struggled to feed first baby, feeling very isolated in the Middle East. Second baby easier, fed through gastroenteritis infection. Both babies had short time in Special Care.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 30-34
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Interview 46
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She breastfed five children with ease and feels very proud of her self for becoming a peer counsellor. It gives her great pleasure to be able to help
Breastfed five children without problems, two of them in tandem for a short time. Very proud of her achievements. Breastfeeding peer supporter for her local community.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 25-29
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Interview 37
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Support from her partner made a big difference but the best support was that which she sought from other breastfeeding women.
Unsatisfactory hospital experience with first baby; other two were home births. Regrets stopping breastfeeding her first child to go back to work. She didn't do that again.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 20-24
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Interview 16
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While she was getting support from her lactation consultant she was also getting support from the other women. She talked about why that was important
Baby in Special Care, fed expressed breast milk via tube, syringe & cup. Problems at home, slow weight gain, mixed feeding. Support from lactation consultant for five months.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 35-39
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Interview 25
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Meeting with other women to share experiences has been important in helping her to adapt to motherhood.
Special Care separation from 1st baby emotionally difficult. Got into cycle of engorgement, expressing, mastitis, too much milk for six months. Has not expressed for second baby.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 30-34
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Interview 01
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Family and friends were concerned about her and their comments made it hard to continue breastfeeding especially when things were difficult.
Long labour, emergency caesarean section. Cracked nipples. Baby fed constantly but failed to thrive. Discusses chiropractic sessions, supplemental bottles, early solids, and milk donation. Now enjoying breastfeeding.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 30-34
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Interview 18
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She had a very supportive friend. Without her she would not have continued to breastfeed.
Bottle fed first baby; breastfed second (6 months, enjoyable, copious milk supply) and third for six weeks (difficult, unsettled).
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 30-34
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Interview 14
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She got in touch with her body through pregnancy and breastfeeding and tried to follow her instinct. Breastfeeding drew her and her daughter together.
Talks about "natural" birth and breastfeeding; pressure from Social Services and health professionals to conform to expected behaviours; conflicting advice, prolonged breastfeeding and the difficulties of weaning a toddler.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 25-29
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Interview 11
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She had never seen anyone breastfeed and was very unsure about it to begin with but now she is glad that she did because of the benefits for her baby.
Baby wouldn't latch on so fed expressed breastmilk through a syringe for first three days. Delaying return to work to spend more time with baby.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 30-34
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Interview 36
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She didn't know much about breastfeeding at all, although her mother had breastfed all of her children for extended periods.
Caesarean section, extended family support, thrush, early bottles of expressed breast milk and infant formula led to weaning at ten weeks. Discusses breastfeeding café and special foods.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
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Age 35-39
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Interview 25
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Her mother combined breastfeeding with bottle feeding and she saw her sister-in-law breastfeeding. She decided to breastfeed after reading about it du
Special Care separation from 1st baby emotionally difficult. Got into cycle of engorgement, expressing, mastitis, too much milk for six months. Has not expressed for second baby.
Pregnancy & children
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Breastfeeding
>>
Age 30-34
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Interview 48
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She helped to bottle feed her two younger sisters. She did not know a lot about breastfeeding but got information from her midwife, antenatal classes,
Apprehensive at first about not feeding straight after the birth and then positioning baby at the breast. No problems thereafter. Managing gradual weaning.
Pregnancy & children
>>
Breastfeeding
>>
Age 30-34
>>
Interview 47
>>
She saw relative's breastfeeding and assumed that she would too. She remembers her younger brother being breastfed and talked to her mother about brea
Excellent help with getting breastfeeding established with first child. No problems with either. Anxious about going back to work and being separated from baby.
Pregnancy & children
>>
Breastfeeding
>>
Age 35-39
>>
Interview 17
>>
She grew up in a bottle feeding family environment but saw friends from work breastfeeding.
Difficulties with breastfeeding including positioning, sore nipples (used nipple shields), low milk supply, poor weight gain, possible depression. Having nightmares about going back to work.
Pregnancy & children
>>
Breastfeeding
>>
Age 25-29
>>
Interview 22
>>
Her mother bottle fed but she had a strong desire to breastfeed because of the benefits for her and her baby. She thought it was natural and did not a
Difficulty with latch-on; poor weight gain; mixed breastfeeding and bottle feeding (expressed breast milk and formula); baby on regular 6 feeds during the day.
Pregnancy & children
>>
Breastfeeding
>>
Age 25-29
>>
Interview 10
>>
Breastfeeding is not common in her area and she received undermining suggestions from a lot of people around her about introducing infant formula.
Little help from midwives in hospital. Used nipple shields for inverted nipples, affected milk supply. Postnatal depression with one child. Dairy intolerance with another. Practices attachment parenting.
Pregnancy & children
>>
Breastfeeding
>>
Age 15-19
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Interview 40
>>
Her friend took her to Bosom Buddies meetings run by the local PCT and Sure Start. She found the antenatal classes at the hospital boring and her part
Baby had jaundice and lost weight at first, needed to be woken 2-3 hourly to feed. Engorgement, sore nipples in first two weeks. Dummy for comfort sucking.
Pregnancy & children
>>
Breastfeeding
>>
Age 25-29
>>
Interview 12
>>
She lived with her parents-in-law at first. Her husband and her extended family were very supportive of her breastfeeding. She did not feed in front o
Breastfeeding wonderful, easy. Demand fed even when baby was in an incubator after becoming jaundiced. Encourages other women in her role as breastfeeding support worker. Breastfed through Ramadan.
Pregnancy & children
>>
Breastfeeding
>>
Age 30-34
>>
Interview 31
>>
Both of her babies became fussy at about three months of age which she thinks is because she didn't have enough milk. She felt like a failure.
First month of breastfeeding was the hardest thing she has done in her life. Very sore and cracked nipples. Fussy babies at 4-5 months, early weaning with first baby.
Pregnancy & children
>>
Breastfeeding
>>
Age 20-24
>>
Interview 43
>>
She stayed with her mother-in law for forty days after her son's birth and received many visitors. She was lonely at first when she returned to her ow
Breastfed without problem. Stayed with mother-in-law for 40 days after birth. Sore nipples & breasts, mother-in-law massaged with oil.
Pregnancy & children
>>
Breastfeeding
>>
Age 20-24
>>
Interview 43
>>
She stayed with her mother-in law for forty days after her son's birth and received many visitors. She was lonely at first when she returned to her ow
Breastfed without problem. Stayed with mother-in-law for 40 days after birth. Sore nipples & breasts, mother-in-law massaged with oil.
Pregnancy & children
>>
Breastfeeding
>>
Age 15-19
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Interview 40
>>
Her extended family did not approve of her breastfeeding and thought that it was why her baby was unsettled. However, her boyfriend was very supportiv
Baby had jaundice and lost weight at first, needed to be woken 2-3 hourly to feed. Engorgement, sore nipples in first two weeks. Dummy for comfort sucking.
Pregnancy & children
>>
Breastfeeding
>>
Age 30-34
>>
Interview 31
>>
With only a fourteen month gap, her older child was very distressed by the arrival of his baby brother.
First month of breastfeeding was the hardest thing she has done in her life. Very sore and cracked nipples. Fussy babies at 4-5 months, early weaning with first baby.
Pregnancy & children
>>
Breastfeeding
>>
Age 25-29
>>
Interview 12
>>
She lived with her parents-in-law at first. Her husband and her extended family were very supportive of her breastfeeding. She did not feed in front o
Breastfeeding wonderful, easy. Demand fed even when baby was in an incubator after becoming jaundiced. Encourages other women in her role as breastfeeding support worker. Breastfed through Ramadan.
Pregnancy & children
>>
Breastfeeding
>>
Age 30-34
>>
Interview 46
>>
She stayed with her mother after the birth of her first baby. Her extended family helped out when she had the other children.
Breastfed five children without problems, two of them in tandem for a short time. Very proud of her achievements. Breastfeeding peer supporter for her local community.
Pregnancy & children
>>
Breastfeeding
>>
Age 25-29
>>
Interview 37
>>
She regrets weaning her first baby to return to work but says that she will not make the same mistake again.
Unsatisfactory hospital experience with first baby; other two were home births. Regrets stopping breastfeeding her first child to go back to work. She didn't do that again.
Pregnancy & children
>>
Breastfeeding
>>
Age 35-39
>>
Interview 33
>>
Her exhaustion affected her milk supply. She needed to call on family support and slow down. She said that breastfeeding was physical but also psychol
Water birth, easy breastfeeding with first child. Sleep deprivation and mastitis with second. Weaning to bottle at six months in order to go back to work.
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