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Motor Neurone Disease
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Diagnosis :
First symptoms
Path to diagnosis
Immediate reactions to diagnosis
Possible causes of MND (including familial MND)
Telling others
Treatment/ interventions :
Medication, trials and research
PEGs, RIGs and ventilation
Complementary therapies and alternative treatments
Physical therapy and exercise
Information and support :
Information needs
Support groups and meeting others
Work/ career and money :
Work and career
Finances and benefits
Living with MND :
Mobility, arm and leg weakness
Aids, equipment and adaptations
Personal care and care support
Speech and communication
Eating, swallowing and breathing
Tiredness, pain and discomfort
Forgetfulness and thinking
Emotional lability, depression and low mood
Relationships and sex
Leisure, holidays and travel
Impact on family carers
Feelings about life and the future :
Philosophy, attitude to life and messages to others
Hospices, respite and thoughts about future care
Thoughts about death, dying and bereavement
Health and social care professionals :
Coordination of care
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Motor Neurone Disease
Subject index
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Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
ALS- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/MND aged 20-49
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Kim - Interview 10
>>
Continuing part-time work as an occupational therapist is psychologically important. Having MND gives her new insights into her work. She can still dr
Kim was diagnosed with MND (ALS) about a year ago (2005). Now unable to walk she needs help with most daily tasks, but is still working as an occupational therapist and able to drive. Her speech is not affected.
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
Rarer forms - PMA (progressive muscular atrophy)
>>
Jim - Interview 18
>>
He could continue teaching while only his legs were affected. His employers were very supportive and Access to Work helped with equipment and travel.
Jim was diagnosed 2 years ago (2005) with Progressive Muscular Atrophy (PMA) form of MND. His legs and arms are affected but not speech.
Nerves & brain
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Motor Neurone Disease
>>
Rarer forms - familial/inherited
>>
Ken - Interview 34
>>
Using Access to Work for taxis was a great help once they'd sorted out how to claim the fares back. [Ken is unable to speak].
Ken was diagnosed with rare inherited (familial) form of MND less than a year ago (2006). He has limited arm and leg movement, has a PEG and uses a Lightwriter to speak, but carried on working until a month ago. Interviewed through his wife Chris.
Nerves & brain
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Motor Neurone Disease
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Carers
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Tess - Interview 44
>>
They get up early so she can help her partner get ready for work before she goes to work herself. She tends not to talk much to colleagues about it.
Tess met her partner, who had already been diagnosed with MND, when volunteering at a sailing club for disabled people. She now lives with him and is his main carer. (See Marcelin, MND37)
Nerves & brain
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Motor Neurone Disease
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Carers
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Dick - Interview 42
>>
His employers encouraged him to work at home whenever he wanted, to be with his wife. They offered him counselling if he needed it.
Dick was married to Di, who was diagnosed with MND two and a half years ago (2004). She died 6 months ago, aged 64.
Nerves & brain
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Motor Neurone Disease
>>
Rarer forms - familial/inherited
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Liz - Interview 22
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It was hard having personal care from different carers she didn't know, and tiring explaining everything to each new person. Now she has someone she l
Liz was diagnosed with rare inherited (familial) form of MND 8 years ago (1998). Sixth member of her family to be diagnosed. Has weakness in her arms and legs, and some speech difficulties. Has a PEG but does not use it yet.
Nerves & brain
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Motor Neurone Disease
>>
Rarer forms - PMA (progressive muscular atrophy)
>>
Judith - Interview 12
>>
She has adapted to changes in her arms and legs. She managed cooking by getting her husband to lift heavy pans and hot dishes. She took up hobbies whi
Judith was diagnosed with Progressive Muscular Atrophy form of MND two years ago, after consulting two neurologists. Now she uses a wheelchair and mobility scooter.
Nerves & brain
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Motor Neurone Disease
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ALS- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/MND aged 50-64
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Penny - Interview 11
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Using an electric scooter out of doors was hard to accept but it gives her more freedom. At home she still walks. In the kitchen she's found a kettle
Penny was diagnosed three years ago (2003) with ALS, after having arm weakness, pains and coughing fits for three years. The condition has progressed quite slowly so far.
Nerves & brain
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Motor Neurone Disease
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Rarer forms - PMA (progressive muscular atrophy)
>>
Pauline - Interview 30
>>
She gets irritated that she cannot run the household and has to let her husband do it. He finds it hard to take on the role of carer, which he had nev
Pauline was diagnosed with PMA (progressive muscular atrophy) about 2 years ago (2005), after several years of leg weakness. She cannot walk far and uses a wheelchair, but is still able to work full-time.
Nerves & brain
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Motor Neurone Disease
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Rarer forms - PLS (primary lateral sclerosis)
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Hal - Interview 26
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They met a social worker on the day he was diagnosed. She organised claims for Disability Living Allowance and Carer's Allowance without them even rea
Hal was diagnosed with MND nearly three years ago in 2004. Diagnosis revised to primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) a year ago. His speech is affected, but mobility is still good.
Nerves & brain
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Motor Neurone Disease
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ALS- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/MND aged 20-49
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Martin - Interview 40
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He finds it hard to live on the benefit he gets, and his mum has to help him out financially. He thinks people don't realise how disabling it is to ha
Martin was diagnosed about a year ago in 2006, after a year of weakness in his fingers and hands. Movement in his arms is now very limited, but his legs and speech are not affected.
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
Rarer forms - PMA (progressive muscular atrophy)
>>
Judith - Interview 12
>>
Her husband finds it stressful caring for her and working. It has affected their relationship, but he'd find paid carers in their bedroom and bathroom
Judith was diagnosed with Progressive Muscular Atrophy form of MND two years ago, after consulting two neurologists. Now she uses a wheelchair and mobility scooter.
Nerves & brain
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Motor Neurone Disease
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Bulbar onset
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Mike - Interview 23
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Their sex life has not been affected, but they miss talking to each other. It can be challenging being together so much and sometimes they need space.
Mike was diagnosed with bulbar onset MND 2 years ago in 2005. He is now unable to speak, so was interviewed through his wife Gill. He uses a whiteboard and Lightwriter to communicate. He has a PEG (Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy).
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
ALS- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/MND aged 20-49
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Michael - Interview 29
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Driving is his passion, but he will probably need to change to an automatic soon. He misses waving a scarf and clapping at football matches too.
Michael was diagnosed less than a year ago in 2006 after noticing weakness in his right arm. His arm weakness remains his main symptom, and it has got worse. Currently he is on sick leave from work.
Nerves & brain
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Motor Neurone Disease
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Rarer forms - familial/inherited
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Liz - Interview 22
>>
Doctors sometimes send newly diagnosed people to meet her. It wasn't always easy to support them at first, but now she has trained as an MNDA visitor.
Liz was diagnosed with rare inherited (familial) form of MND 8 years ago (1998). Sixth member of her family to be diagnosed. Has weakness in her arms and legs, and some speech difficulties. Has a PEG but does not use it yet.
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
ALS- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/MND aged 20-49
>>
Kim - Interview 10
>>
Continuing part-time work as an occupational therapist is psychologically important. Having MND gives her new insights into her work. She can still dr
Kim was diagnosed with MND (ALS) about a year ago (2005). Now unable to walk she needs help with most daily tasks, but is still working as an occupational therapist and able to drive. Her speech is not affected.
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
Carers
>>
Tess - Interview 44
>>
They get up early so she can help her partner get ready for work before she goes to work herself. She tends not to talk much to colleagues about it.
Tess met her partner, who had already been diagnosed with MND, when volunteering at a sailing club for disabled people. She now lives with him and is his main carer. (See Marcelin, MND37)
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
Bulbar onset
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Vim - Interview 32
>>
His wife has to leave early for work and gets very tired caring for him as well, but they need the income.
Vim was diagnosed just over a year ago in 2006 with bulbar onset MND. His speech is affected but he can still talk, and he can still walk independently. He has retired early.
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
Bulbar onset
>>
Mike - Interview 23
>>
He was aware his speech was becoming slurred before anyone else noticed, until one day at work someone assumed he must be drunk. [Mike is unable to sp
Mike was diagnosed with bulbar onset MND 2 years ago in 2005. He is now unable to speak, so was interviewed through his wife Gill. He uses a whiteboard and Lightwriter to communicate. He has a PEG (Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy).
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
Rarer forms - familial/inherited
>>
Liz - Interview 39
>>
She thought she wanted to stop work, but she was glad her boss persuaded her to keep doing project work. It's important for her husband to have the no
Liz was diagnosed with inherited form of MND in 2004. (Her father and uncle both had MND). Weakness in her legs progressed to her arms; she is now in a wheelchair. Her speech is unaffected.
Nerves & brain
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Motor Neurone Disease
>>
Carers
>>
Dick - Interview 42
>>
His employers encouraged him to work at home whenever he wanted, to be with his wife. They offered him counselling if he needed it.
Dick was married to Di, who was diagnosed with MND two and a half years ago (2004). She died 6 months ago, aged 64.
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
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Carers
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Harry - Interview 43
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He's been running his wife's business but now she needs more care he has to decide if he can keep it going. He would miss the excitement of work.
Harry's wife was diagnosed with bulbar onset MND two and a half years ago. She is now unable to speak. She finds swallowing very difficult, and has a PEG fitted.
Nerves & brain
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Motor Neurone Disease
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ALS- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/MND aged 50-64
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Marcelin - Interview 37
>>
He wants to continue working - it makes him feel useful and he enjoys interacting with other people.
Marcelin was diagnosed over three years ago (in 2003), after several years of weakness in his arms, and later his legs. He now uses a wheelchair. His speech is unaffected. He continues to work full-time. (Partner Tess also interviewed, MND44).
Nerves & brain
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Motor Neurone Disease
>>
Rarer forms - PLS (primary lateral sclerosis)
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Hal - Interview 26
>>
He was glad he'd already chosen to retire before diagnosis, rather than being forced to stop work.
Hal was diagnosed with MND nearly three years ago in 2004. Diagnosis revised to primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) a year ago. His speech is affected, but mobility is still good.
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
Bulbar onset
>>
Mike - Interview 23
>>
Gill's first thought was how she was going to tell the family. Mike was calmer than she was. It was hard supporting others when still in shock themsel
Mike was diagnosed with bulbar onset MND 2 years ago in 2005. He is now unable to speak, so was interviewed through his wife Gill. He uses a whiteboard and Lightwriter to communicate. He has a PEG (Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy).
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
ALS- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/MND aged 50-64
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Sandy - Interview 36
>>
He told his son first as they were going to a football match after the appointment. He told his wife when he got home and his daughter and colleagues
Sandy was diagnosed 5 years ago (2002) after noticing weakness in one arm. His arms have been worst affected, and now his speech and neck muscles are deteriorating, but he can still walk well.
Nerves & brain
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Motor Neurone Disease
>>
ALS- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/MND aged 50-64
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Phil - Interview 28
>>
He felt very vulnerable telling his employers but they were fantastic. He liked it when people treated him as if it was 'business as usual'.
Phil was diagnosed just over a year ago, after nearly 2 years of leg weakness. He is still able to walk at home but uses a wheelchair and scooter outdoors. He has some weakness in his right arm.
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
ALS- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/MND aged 50-64
>>
Penny - Interview 11
>>
At work she began finding it hard to lift heavy files onto a shelf. Her hands used to shake, and she developed coughing fits.
Penny was diagnosed three years ago (2003) with ALS, after having arm weakness, pains and coughing fits for three years. The condition has progressed quite slowly so far.
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
ALS- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/MND aged 20-49
>>
Martin - Interview 40
>>
He found he was struggling to do up shoelaces and his hands started shaking when holding a drill at work.
Martin was diagnosed about a year ago in 2006, after a year of weakness in his fingers and hands. Movement in his arms is now very limited, but his legs and speech are not affected.
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
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Carers
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Mary - Interview 04
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Her husband thought the aching in his legs was because he wasn't used to doing physical work. She noticed changes in his memory and emotional reaction
Mary is the wife of man diagnosed with MND a year before interview (2003). (Couple also interviewed together - see Jack's story MND03).
Nerves & brain
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Motor Neurone Disease
>>
ALS- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/MND aged 50-64
>>
Phil - Interview 28
>>
Driving was everything to him. He had an independent assessment of his driving and got the car adapted so he could continue.
Phil was diagnosed just over a year ago, after nearly 2 years of leg weakness. He is still able to walk at home but uses a wheelchair and scooter outdoors. He has some weakness in his right arm.
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
ALS- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/MND aged 50-64
>>
Ken - Interview 15
>>
He gave up work almost immediately. He enjoyed teaching but the job had changed, so he was glad to retire early and spend time with his wife.
Ken was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) form of MND 5 years ago (2002). His arm muscles were affected first, followed by his leg muscles. His speech is not affected and his condition has progressed more slowly than he originally expected.
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
ALS- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/MND aged 20-49
>>
Michael - Interview 29
>>
He enjoys work but has stopped at the moment partly because he doesn't like asking colleagues for help, but mainly because he wants to spend the time
Michael was diagnosed less than a year ago in 2006 after noticing weakness in his right arm. His arm weakness remains his main symptom, and it has got worse. Currently he is on sick leave from work.
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
ALS- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/MND aged 50-64
>>
Peter - Interview 38
>>
He enjoyed work and misses it very much. He gets involved in other activities, especially politics, but loss of mobility restricts what he can do.
Peter was diagnosed three years ago (2004). Symptoms started in his arms and hands, and progressed to his legs. He now uses a wheelchair full-time.
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
Rarer forms - PLS (primary lateral sclerosis)
>>
James - Interview 16
>>
He was proud never to have had a day's unemployment. Realising he was not going to work again was hard to accept.
James was diagnosed with Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS) 15 years ago (1991). His wife also had MND and died 3 years ago, 2 years after her diagnosis.
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
ALS- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/MND aged 20-49
>>
Martin - Interview 40
>>
He enjoyed working in construction, but he had to give up because he just couldn't do it physically any more.
Martin was diagnosed about a year ago in 2006, after a year of weakness in his fingers and hands. Movement in his arms is now very limited, but his legs and speech are not affected.
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
ALS- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/MND aged 50-64
>>
Slawomir - Interview 33
>>
His business installing industrial laundry machinery is physically too hard for him now. He is frustrated to be stuck at home.
Slawomir was diagnosed 3 months ago, 18 months after first noticing weakness in his leg. He wonders if he may in fact have Lyme Disease. He can still walk and drive.
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
Rarer forms - familial/inherited
>>
Liz - Interview 22
>>
Leaving her job as a classroom assistant left a massive gap in her life, though she's still very busy. She does not like relying on benefits.
Liz was diagnosed with rare inherited (familial) form of MND 8 years ago (1998). Sixth member of her family to be diagnosed. Has weakness in her arms and legs, and some speech difficulties. Has a PEG but does not use it yet.
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
Rarer forms - PMA (progressive muscular atrophy)
>>
Pauline - Interview 30
>>
When she's tired she feels the best way to deal with it is to just ignore it and keep going, but it's frustrating not being able to do some things any
Pauline was diagnosed with PMA (progressive muscular atrophy) about 2 years ago (2005), after several years of leg weakness. She cannot walk far and uses a wheelchair, but is still able to work full-time.
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
ALS- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/MND aged 50-64
>>
Marcelin - Interview 37
>>
It is important to him that his mind is unaffected and he can continue to work in the same job.
Marcelin was diagnosed over three years ago (in 2003), after several years of weakness in his arms, and later his legs. He now uses a wheelchair. His speech is unaffected. He continues to work full-time. (Partner Tess also interviewed, MND44).
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
Bulbar onset
>>
Vim - Interview 32
>>
His employers were helpful and tried to find alternative work, but he had to stop work quite quickly. They gave him a good early retirement pension.
Vim was diagnosed just over a year ago in 2006 with bulbar onset MND. His speech is affected but he can still talk, and he can still walk independently. He has retired early.
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
ALS- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/MND aged 50-64
>>
Sandy - Interview 36
>>
He applied for Disability Living Allowance but carried on working until he could no longer hold a telephone and take notes at the same time.
Sandy was diagnosed 5 years ago (2002) after noticing weakness in one arm. His arms have been worst affected, and now his speech and neck muscles are deteriorating, but he can still walk well.
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
Rarer forms - familial/inherited
>>
Ken - Interview 34
>>
Using Access to Work for taxis was a great help once they'd sorted out how to claim the fares back. [Ken is unable to speak].
Ken was diagnosed with rare inherited (familial) form of MND less than a year ago (2006). He has limited arm and leg movement, has a PEG and uses a Lightwriter to speak, but carried on working until a month ago. Interviewed through his wife Chris.
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
ALS- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/MND aged 50-64
>>
Phil - Interview 28
>>
He knew he could no longer demonstrate cars. He worried how his employers would react and how he would continue to earn a living.
Phil was diagnosed just over a year ago, after nearly 2 years of leg weakness. He is still able to walk at home but uses a wheelchair and scooter outdoors. He has some weakness in his right arm.
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
Rarer forms - PMA (progressive muscular atrophy)
>>
Pauline - Interview 30
>>
She can still drive to work and enjoys the independence and the income. She doesn't want to think about a time when she can't work.
Pauline was diagnosed with PMA (progressive muscular atrophy) about 2 years ago (2005), after several years of leg weakness. She cannot walk far and uses a wheelchair, but is still able to work full-time.
Nerves & brain
>>
Motor Neurone Disease
>>
Rarer forms - PMA (progressive muscular atrophy)
>>
Jim - Interview 18
>>
He could continue teaching while only his legs were affected. His employers were very supportive and Access to Work helped with equipment and travel.
Jim was diagnosed 2 years ago (2005) with Progressive Muscular Atrophy (PMA) form of MND. His legs and arms are affected but not speech.
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Nerves & brain
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Motor Neurone Disease
>>
Work and career
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