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Nerves & brain
Stroke
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What happened? The first few days after a stroke :
The event: A stroke or transient ischaemic attack
Getting medical help
Getting a diagnosis
Early care experiences
A doctor speaks – an introduction to stroke
What problems did I have, and why? :
Changes to movement
Changes in sensations
Changes to vision
Continence and cathererisation
Eating and drinking
Speech and communication
Thinking, understanding, memory and fatigue
Emotional Impact of stroke
Why me? Why now? Reducing risk of another stroke? :
Causes and risk factors
Medication to prevent another stroke
Surgery
Preventing another stroke: Changes in life style
What happens now? Rehabilitation & care :
Stroke recovery: daily activities and personal care
Stroke recovery: physical aspects and mobility
Stroke recovery: communication disorders
Leaving hospital
Life after stroke. What is the long-term like? :
Major disability
When stroke is coupled with other health problems
When stroke happens at a young age
Coping strategies and resilience
Continuing care at home and institutional care
Driving and transport
What's important in care
Social support
Support from patients and support groups
Sex life and impact on relationships
Messages to others
Finding information
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Stroke
Subject index
Topic
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
The event: A stroke or transient ischaemic attack
>>
The event: A stroke or transient ischaemic attack
The event: a stroke or Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA)
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Stroke
>>
The event: A stroke or transient ischaemic attack
>>
The event: A stroke or transient ischaemic attack
The event: a stroke or Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA)
>>
Stroke
>>
The event: A stroke or transient ischaemic attack
>>
The event: A stroke or transient ischaemic attack
The event: a stroke or Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA)
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
Speech and communication
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Speech and communication
Speech and communication
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Stroke
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Speech and communication
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Speech and communication
Speech and communication
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Stroke
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Speech and communication
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Speech and communication
Speech and communication
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
Stroke recovery: communication disorders
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Stroke recovery: communication disorders
Stroke recovery: communication disorders
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Stroke
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Stroke recovery: communication disorders
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Stroke recovery: communication disorders
Stroke recovery: communication disorders
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Stroke
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Stroke recovery: communication disorders
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Stroke recovery: communication disorders
Stroke recovery: communication disorders
Clip
Nerves & brain
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Stroke
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Age 46-55
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Interview 19
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His speech was initially very slurred due to muscle weakness. He has ongoing problems regulating the volume and speed and thinks that his singing has
Stroke at 45 due to dissection of right carotid artery. Caused left paralysis, spasms & painful spasticity. Medication: perindopril (blood pressure) statin (cholesterol), aspirin (antiplatelet), citalopram (depression) clonazepam, tramadol (spasms/pain).
Nerves & brain
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Stroke
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Age 66-75
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Interview 14
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The left side of her body went numb and she was unable to speak. Her speech recovered when she was given oxygen in the ambulance.
She had a stroke due to a hemorrhage aged 60, which caused left paralysis, spasms, central post stroke pain (CPSP) and depression. Medication: bendrofluazide (blood pressure), simvastatin (cholesterol), fluoxetine (depression), gabapentin (CPSP).
Nerves & brain
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Stroke
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Age 21-45
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Jessica - Interview 57
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Jessica experienced her stroke while she was cleaning her car. When her neighbour tried to help her, she tried to respond and her speech came out garb
Jessica is 23 years old and had a stroke 2 years ago when she was 21. She has now recovered from this and is no longer receiving rehabilitation treatment.
Nerves & brain
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Stroke
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Age 21-45
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Interview 10
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Realises that two events before her major stroke were probably transient ischaemic attacks and wishes she had got help sooner.
She had a stroke (aged 41) due to a clot from a hole in her heart which caused left-sided paralysis, numbness and central post stroke pain (CPSP). Medication: simvastatin (cholesterol), aspirin (antiplatelet), gabapentin, amitriptyline (CPSP).
Nerves & brain
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Stroke
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Age 56-65
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Interview 01
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The speech therapist gave him speech exercises to help regain the muscle strength in his face which he described as being like a musician warming up t
He had a stroke due to hemorrhage aged 57, which caused left paralysis, left neglect and some early problems with speech. Medication: atenolol, ramipril (blood pressure), levetiracetam (epilepsy), paroxetine (antidepressant), omeprazole, (gastric resistant tablets).
Nerves & brain
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Stroke
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Age 21-45
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Interview 02
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At the start she could not speak at all and had to go back to being like a child and practicing making word sounds. She also went onto have some help
She had a stroke after an operation to remove a malignant melanoma. The stroke caused right weakness of her arm and problems with speech. Medication: aspirin (antiplatelet).
Nerves & brain
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Stroke
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Age 76-95
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Interview 42
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He felt the speech therapists gave up on him because they couldn't make out what he was saying which made him feel rotten.
He had a stroke during a heart bypass aged 74 which caused right weakness & speech, memory & emotional problems. Medication: perindropril, furosemide (blood pressure) simvastatin (cholesterol), aspirin, dipyridamole (antiplatelet), dosulepin (depression).
Nerves & brain
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Stroke
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Age 46-55
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Interview 12
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When she had the stroke she was completely paralysed and when she tried to speak strange noises came out her mouth.
She had a stroke at the age of 48 due to a dissection of the left carotid artery. Her stroke caused aphasia and epilepsy. Medication: pravastatin (cholesterol), aspirin (antiplatelet), Epilim, Frisium and levetiracetam (epilepsy).
Nerves & brain
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Stroke
>>
Age 21-45
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Interview 10
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Realises that two events before her major stroke were probably transient ischaemic attacks and wishes she had got help sooner.
She had a stroke (aged 41) due to a clot from a hole in her heart which caused left-sided paralysis, numbness and central post stroke pain (CPSP). Medication: simvastatin (cholesterol), aspirin (antiplatelet), gabapentin, amitriptyline (CPSP).
Nerves & brain
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Stroke
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Age 21-45
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Interview 02
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She completely lost her speech after her stroke which she said felt like being trapped in a box. She tried to communicate with her eyes but it did not
She had a stroke after an operation to remove a malignant melanoma. The stroke caused right weakness of her arm and problems with speech. Medication: aspirin (antiplatelet).
Nerves & brain
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Stroke
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Age 56-65
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Interview 22
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Their daughter's son was initially wary of her husband because his voice had changed by the stroke but with time has adjusted.
He had two stroke due to clots aged 59. The strokes caused ataxia, dysphagia, dysarthria and double vision. Medication: atenolol (blood pressure), bezafibrate (cholesterol), warfarin (anticoagulant), hyoscine (reduce saliva), Thick 'n' easy (thickens drinks).
Nerves & brain
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Stroke
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Age 21-45
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Interview 02
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Her speech therapist explained that she had been left with a communication problem which made it difficult for her to find alternatives for words.
She had a stroke after an operation to remove a malignant melanoma. The stroke caused right weakness of her arm and problems with speech. Medication: aspirin (antiplatelet).
Nerves & brain
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Stroke
>>
Age 21-45
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Interview 02
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She initially found it difficult to talk to people particularly strangers. Her mum stayed around after her stroke and dealt with the telephone calls.
She had a stroke after an operation to remove a malignant melanoma. The stroke caused right weakness of her arm and problems with speech. Medication: aspirin (antiplatelet).
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
Age 66-75
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Interview 14
>>
The left side of her body went numb and she was unable to speak. Her speech recovered when she was given oxygen in the ambulance.
She had a stroke due to a hemorrhage aged 60, which caused left paralysis, spasms, central post stroke pain (CPSP) and depression. Medication: bendrofluazide (blood pressure), simvastatin (cholesterol), fluoxetine (depression), gabapentin (CPSP).
Nerves & brain
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Stroke
>>
Age 66-75
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Interview 33
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Her daughter heard that her voice was slurred on the phone and got help. She felt okay and was surprised when the paramedics wanted to take her to hos
She had a stroke due to a clot aged 67, which caused weakness of her left arm and face and some initial speech problems. Medication: perindropril (blood pressure) simvastatin (cholesterol), aspirin, delayed release dipyridamole (antiplatelets).
Nerves & brain
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Stroke
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Age 66-75
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Interview 20
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Thought her problems with vision, speech and a drooped mouth were due to migraine or old age. But went to the doctor after 2 weeks and was diagnosed w
This woman had a stroke due to a clot from her heart at the age of 67 which caused mild visual loss and temporary speech problems. Medication: amplodopine, atenolol (blood pressure), simvastatin (cholesterol), warfarin, (anticoagulation).
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
Age 46-55
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Interview 19
>>
His speech was initially very slurred due to muscle weakness. He has ongoing problems regulating the volume and speed and thinks that his singing has
Stroke at 45 due to dissection of right carotid artery. Caused left paralysis, spasms & painful spasticity. Medication: perindopril (blood pressure) statin (cholesterol), aspirin (antiplatelet), citalopram (depression) clonazepam, tramadol (spasms/pain).
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
Age 46-55
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Interview 08
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Felt that despite his aphasia communication with hospital staff was good because they encouraged him to take his time.
He had a stroke due to a clot aged 49 which caused right paralysis and speech problems. Medication: bendroflumethiazide, perindopril (blood pressure), simvastatin (cholesterol), aspirin, persantin (antiplatelets), baclofen (muscle spasms).
Nerves & brain
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Stroke
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Age 21-45
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Interview 51
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His wife explains that he can still speak Tamil and uses this when he talks with the family but he wants to be able to speak English again so he can b
He had a stroke due to a clot aged 38 which caused severe aphasia and right paralysis of his leg and arm. Medication: dipyridamole (blood pressure), aspirin (antiplatelet), simvastatin (cholesterol).
Nerves & brain
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Stroke
>>
Age 46-55
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Interview 12
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She had previously been a teacher and felt that not being able to talk or understand people and struggling to read was the worst thing that could happ
She had a stroke at the age of 48 due to a dissection of the left carotid artery. Her stroke caused aphasia and epilepsy. Medication: pravastatin (cholesterol), aspirin (antiplatelet), Epilim, Frisium and levetiracetam (epilepsy).
Nerves & brain
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Stroke
>>
Age 21-45
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Interview 51
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He was still able to sing and pray as these long established functions of language are controlled by a different part of the brain than normal speech.
He had a stroke due to a clot aged 38 which caused severe aphasia and right paralysis of his leg and arm. Medication: dipyridamole (blood pressure), aspirin (antiplatelet), simvastatin (cholesterol).
Nerves & brain
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Stroke
>>
Age 46-55
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Interview 34
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Her daughter found her on the floor she was unable to move or speak and remembers very little apart from her daughter panicking.
She had a stroke due to a dissection of the right carotid artery at the age of 55. The stroke caused left paralysis of her leg and arm and problems with eating and speaking. Medication: simvastatin (cholesterol), warfarin (anticlotting).
Nerves & brain
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Stroke
>>
Age 56-65
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Interview 53
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He had been given a card to show to people explaining that he had a stroke and has communication difficulties. He has found this helpful and has used
He had a stroke due to a clot which came from his heart aged 55. The stroke caused right sided weakness and aphasia. Medication: perindopril (blood pressure) simvastatin (cholesterol), warfarin (anticoagulant).
Nerves & brain
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Stroke
>>
Age 46-55
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Interview 12
>>
She found it helped to use facial expressions and gestures. It helped her to understand other people if they wrote things down.
She had a stroke at the age of 48 due to a dissection of the left carotid artery. Her stroke caused aphasia and epilepsy. Medication: pravastatin (cholesterol), aspirin (antiplatelet), Epilim, Frisium and levetiracetam (epilepsy).
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
Age 66-75
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Interview 17
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He wouldn't tell people that he had problems with speech and would struggle. Others from a support group encouraged him to tell people and he found th
He had a stroke owing to a blocked left carotid artery aged 66 which caused aphasia and reading and writing problems. Medication: amlodipine, bendroflumethiazide (blood pressure), simvastatin (cholesterol), aspirin, dipyridamole (antiplatelet).
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
Age 76-95
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Interview 27
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He had frequent transient ischaemic attacks which caused temporary dizziness, hand weakness and visual loss.
He had multiple TIAs from the age 81. Within a year he had bilateral carotid endarterectomies which were successful. Medication: lisinopril, bendrofluazide, atenolol (blood pressure), simvastatin (cholesterol), aspirin (antiplatelet).
Nerves & brain
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Stroke
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Age 66-75
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Interview 17
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His grandson will often pick him up on things he says and he does not like him reading to him. They have, however, played word games to help him recov
He had a stroke owing to a blocked left carotid artery aged 66 which caused aphasia and reading and writing problems. Medication: amlodipine, bendroflumethiazide (blood pressure), simvastatin (cholesterol), aspirin, dipyridamole (antiplatelet).
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
Age 66-75
>>
Interview 17
>>
A speech therapist suggested he practice speaking in time with a metronome but he didn't find this helpful.
He had a stroke owing to a blocked left carotid artery aged 66 which caused aphasia and reading and writing problems. Medication: amlodipine, bendroflumethiazide (blood pressure), simvastatin (cholesterol), aspirin, dipyridamole (antiplatelet).
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Stroke
>>
Speech and communication
>>
Speech and communication
Speech and communication
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
Speech and communication
>>
Speech and communication
Speech and communication
>>
Stroke
>>
Speech and communication
>>
Speech and communication
Speech and communication
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
Age 46-55
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Interview 34
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Describes how therapists helped her and gradually gave her thicker foods and drinks as her swallowing improved.
She had a stroke due to a dissection of the right carotid artery at the age of 55. The stroke caused left paralysis of her leg and arm and problems with eating and speaking. Medication: simvastatin (cholesterol), warfarin (anticlotting).
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
Age 21-45
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Interview 51
>>
He was given sheets of cartoon drawing to help him communicate.
He had a stroke due to a clot aged 38 which caused severe aphasia and right paralysis of his leg and arm. Medication: dipyridamole (blood pressure), aspirin (antiplatelet), simvastatin (cholesterol).
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
Age 21-45
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Interview 51
>>
They felt the speech therapy had been excellent are encouraging their daughter to train as speech therapist.
He had a stroke due to a clot aged 38 which caused severe aphasia and right paralysis of his leg and arm. Medication: dipyridamole (blood pressure), aspirin (antiplatelet), simvastatin (cholesterol).
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
Age 66-75
>>
Interview 17
>>
A speech therapist suggested he practice speaking in time with a metronome but he didn't find this helpful.
He had a stroke owing to a blocked left carotid artery aged 66 which caused aphasia and reading and writing problems. Medication: amlodipine, bendroflumethiazide (blood pressure), simvastatin (cholesterol), aspirin, dipyridamole (antiplatelet).
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
Age 66-75
>>
Interview 17
>>
He was given help with reading and comprehension and writing cheques and letters.
He had a stroke owing to a blocked left carotid artery aged 66 which caused aphasia and reading and writing problems. Medication: amlodipine, bendroflumethiazide (blood pressure), simvastatin (cholesterol), aspirin, dipyridamole (antiplatelet).
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
Age 56-65
>>
Interview 53
>>
He would have liked more help from speech therapy and felt it stopped because of lack of funding.
He had a stroke due to a clot which came from his heart aged 55. The stroke caused right sided weakness and aphasia. Medication: perindopril (blood pressure) simvastatin (cholesterol), warfarin (anticoagulant).
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
Age 21-45
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Interview 49
>>
She would have liked more help with reading because she wanted to be able to read more than children's books.
She had a stroke due a clot caused by a hereditary clotting disorder age 29, which caused aphasia, right paralysis and epilepsy. Medication: lipitor (cholesterol), warfarin (anticoagulant), tegretol, epilim (epilepsy), baclofen (spasms in arm).
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
Age 21-45
>>
Interview 02
>>
Her speech therapist explained that she had been left with a communication problem which made it difficult for her to find alternatives for words.
She had a stroke after an operation to remove a malignant melanoma. The stroke caused right weakness of her arm and problems with speech. Medication: aspirin (antiplatelet).
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
Age 46-55
>>
Interview 12
>>
Person with aphasia felt that the speech and language therapist was rude and did not care about her as a person.
She had a stroke at the age of 48 due to a dissection of the left carotid artery. Her stroke caused aphasia and epilepsy. Medication: pravastatin (cholesterol), aspirin (antiplatelet), Epilim, Frisium and levetiracetam (epilepsy).
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
Age 76-95
>>
Interview 42
>>
He felt the speech therapists gave up on him because they couldn't make out what he was saying which made him feel rotten.
He had a stroke during a heart bypass aged 74 which caused right weakness & speech, memory & emotional problems. Medication: perindropril, furosemide (blood pressure) simvastatin (cholesterol), aspirin, dipyridamole (antiplatelet), dosulepin (depression).
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
Age 21-45
>>
Interview 02
>>
At the start she could not speak at all and had to go back to being like a child and practicing making word sounds. She also went onto have some help
She had a stroke after an operation to remove a malignant melanoma. The stroke caused right weakness of her arm and problems with speech. Medication: aspirin (antiplatelet).
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
Age 56-65
>>
Interview 01
>>
The speech therapist gave him speech exercises to help regain the muscle strength in his face which he described as being like a musician warming up t
He had a stroke due to hemorrhage aged 57, which caused left paralysis, left neglect and some early problems with speech. Medication: atenolol, ramipril (blood pressure), levetiracetam (epilepsy), paroxetine (antidepressant), omeprazole, (gastric resistant tablets).
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
Age 46-55
>>
Gavin - Interview 63
>>
Gavin was home alone when he suffered a haemorrhagic stroke. With much difficulty he managed to call 999.
Gavin is a 47 year old media representative/spokesperson. He lives at home with his wife and two children. He is not working right now because of his stroke, but hopes to return to some type of work one day. His ethnic background is White British.
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
Age 46-55
>>
Clare - Interview 56
>>
Clare spoke regularly to her father which helped her recover her speech.
Clare experienced a stroke while at home with her husband. She had blurred vision which she initially thought was a symptom of her diabetes. In addition to diabetes and stroke, Clare has had lifelong health issues including kidney problems, for which she is undergoing dialysis.
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Stroke
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Speech and communication
>>
Speech and communication
Speech and communication
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
Speech and communication
>>
Speech and communication
Speech and communication
>>
Stroke
>>
Stroke recovery: communication disorders
>>
Stroke recovery: communication disorders
Stroke recovery: communication disorders
>>
Stroke
>>
Stroke recovery: communication disorders
>>
Stroke recovery: communication disorders
Stroke recovery: communication disorders
Nerves & brain
>>
Stroke
>>
Stroke recovery: communication disorders
>>
Stroke recovery: communication disorders
Stroke recovery: communication disorders
>>
Stroke
>>
Speech and communication
>>
Speech and communication
Speech and communication
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