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Cancer
The PSA test for prostate cancer
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What is the PSA test? :
What is the PSA test?
Finding information about the PSA test
Deciding whether or not to have the PSA test :
Deciding whether or not to have the PSA test
Why some men have not had a PSA test
Symptoms
Family history and other concerns about cancer
Encouraged by family, friends and the media
Routine health checks
Follow-up after treatment
Results and treatment choices :
Waiting for the results of a PSA test
Getting the results and understanding them
What may happen when a PSA test result is abnormal
Biopsy of the prostate
Choosing a treatment if cancer is diagnosed
Views about a national screening programme :
The pros & cons of a national screening programme
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The PSA test for prostate cancer
Subject index
Clip
Cancer
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The PSA test for prostate cancer
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Age 40-50
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Interview 09
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Four months after his PSA test he still hadn't got the result.
He became worried about prostate cancer when his father-in-law developed the disease. In January 2005 he asked his GP for a PSA test, and is still waiting for the results.
Cancer
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The PSA test for prostate cancer
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Age 71-80
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Interview 19
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A website helped him to understand what it meant to have a PSA level of 2.3.
Investigations started because of bowel problems. The specialist found retention of urine and an enlarged prostate. In March 2005, he had a trans-urethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Having found a small area of 'growth' the consultant recommended a PSA test, which was "normal".
Cancer
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The PSA test for prostate cancer
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Age 51-60
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Interview 28
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His GP explained that his PSA level was slightly high for a man of his age.
No urinary symptoms, but felt tired. His GP suggested a PSA test. The PSA was raised, so he was referred to a consultant, who performed a biopsy. Prostate cancer was diagnosed, and treated with 3D conformal radiotherapy in 2005.
Cancer
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The PSA test for prostate cancer
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Age 71-80
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Interview 25
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When he got his PSA result his GP reassured him that everything was alright but he wanted more information.
He has had urinary symptoms (frequency) since 2003. His GP suggested regular PSA tests. In 2005 the PSA result was 6.9ng/ml. His GP reassured him that there was no need for further action. He has not needed treatment for symptoms.
Cancer
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The PSA test for prostate cancer
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Age 71-80
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Interview 19
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The practice thought they had mislaid his results but he felt reassured when the GP rang him to discuss them.
Investigations started because of bowel problems. The specialist found retention of urine and an enlarged prostate. In March 2005, he had a trans-urethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Having found a small area of 'growth' the consultant recommended a PSA test, which was "normal".
Cancer
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The PSA test for prostate cancer
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Age 40-50
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Interview 32
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The practice nurse reassured him that his PSA result was normal.
His father had prostate cancer, so in 2005 he asked his GP for a PSA test. The result of the test was 'normal'.
Cancer
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The PSA test for prostate cancer
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Age 61-70
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Interview 20
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Assumed he had a urinary infection so didn't worry while waiting for his PSA test result.
In 2004 developed a urinary infection, treated with antibiotics. Reluctantly he had a PSA test which was raised (31ng per ml). The consultant said this was due to the infection. He suggested saw palmetto, which has helped reduce urinary symptoms. PSA is now lower, 10.9ng per ml.
Cancer
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The PSA test for prostate cancer
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Age 61-70
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Interview 03
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Has a PSA test every 6 months and feels very anxious just before he gets the results.
Worried about raised PSA. Had a biopsy but no diagnosis of cancer.
Cancer
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The PSA test for prostate cancer
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Age 61-70
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Interview 23
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When he received his PSA result the GP suggested a digital rectal examination.
He did not have any urinary symptoms, but in 2001 he asked for a PSA test, which was found to be 5ng/ml. A biopsy was performed and prostate cancer diagnosed. He had a radical prostatectomy. His PSA is now 0.2ng/ml.
Cancer
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The PSA test for prostate cancer
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Age 71-80
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Interview 38
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Doesn't know what the PSA results mean or what result he should expect for a man of his age.
He had mild urinary symptoms, and backache. Knowing that bone pain can be due to the spread of prostate cancer he asked his GP for a PSA test. This was "raised", but when repeated six months later was lower, so he was reassured.
Cancer
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The PSA test for prostate cancer
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Age 40-50
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Interview 17
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His PSA result came back from the hospital after about 10 days.
In 2003 had urinary symptoms for about three months, and so asked for a PSA test, which was found to be slightly raised. Referred to a specialist, who diagnosed a urinary infection. This was treated and the PSA returned to normal.
Cancer
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The PSA test for prostate cancer
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Age 51-60
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Interview 27
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His research on the internet revealed that benign enlargement of the prostate is more common than prostate cancer.
He had mild urinary symptoms. GP suggested a PSA test [4.8ng/mL]. A consultant performed a biopsy, and found some "suspicious cells", so performed another biopsy, which led to side effects. No cancer diagnosed. Symptoms improved with saw palmetto.
Cancer
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The PSA test for prostate cancer
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Age 71-80
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Interview 34
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Comments that PSA results are confusing and that they aren't widely explained to patients.
He had urinary symptoms for about 5 years, and in February 2005 had a PSA test which was slightly raised. After a biopsy, prostate cancer was diagnosed and treated with High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU). He recovered quickly from the operation with few side effects and little discomfort.
Cancer
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The PSA test for prostate cancer
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Age 51-60
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Interview 35
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Thinking something was 'drastically wrong' he worried while waiting for the result of another PSA test.
He decided to have a PSA test because of a family history of prostate cancer. The PSA result was slightly raised, so he had a biopsy. Cancer was diagnosed. In May 2005 he had a radical prostatectomy.
Cancer
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The PSA test for prostate cancer
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Age 51-60
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Interview 14
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Results of other tests, such as cholesterol, were sent by post at the same time as the result of his PSA test.
His workplace offers regular health checks. He has not had urinary symptoms. Having carefully considered information about the PSA test and prostate cancer he has had a PSA test every two years. These tests have all been normal.
Cancer
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The PSA test for prostate cancer
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Age 51-60
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Interview 37
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He got the result of his PSA test by phoning the receptionist at his local surgery, who said it was normal.
He asked his GP for a PSA test because he had prostate cancer in the family and because a colleague persuaded him that it was a good idea to have regular health checks. PSA tests in 2001 and 2004 were 'normal'.
Cancer
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The PSA test for prostate cancer
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Age 61-70
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Interview 29
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The specialist gives him his PSA result when he goes to the hospital for 3-monthly check-up.
In 2004 he had urinary symptoms. PSA 9.5ng/mL. After a biopsy, prostate cancer diagnosed, and it was also found that cancer had spread to the bone of one arm. Hormone treatment with some side-effects, but feels well.
Cancer
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The PSA test for prostate cancer
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Age 61-70
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Interview 30
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He finds it worrying that cancer may be present even if a man's PSA level is within the 'normal' range.
No urinary symptoms, but he asked for a PSA test because a friend had prostate cancer and because of media coverage. PSA found to be slightly raised. In 2004, after a biopsy, cancer was diagnosed, and treated with hormones and then brachytherapy.
Cancer
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The PSA test for prostate cancer
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Age 61-70
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Interview 39
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Information from a website helped him understand the results of the PSA test.
He had lost weight and had erectile problems. In 2004, at his annual check up, he asked for a PSA test, which was slightly raised. After a biopsy he was diagnosed with prostate cancer, and treated with hormones and brachytherapy.
Cancer
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The PSA test for prostate cancer
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Age 51-60
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Interview 40
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The GP told him that his PSA result was in the middle of the normal range.
Did not have any symptoms, but having read articles about prostate cancer and the PSA test in the national press he decided to ask his GP for the test. The result was 'normal'.
Cancer
>>
The PSA test for prostate cancer
>>
Age 61-70
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Interview 23
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When he heard that his PSA level was slightly raised his GP was sympathetic and explained that one option was to do nothing about it.
He did not have any urinary symptoms, but in 2001 he asked for a PSA test, which was found to be 5ng/ml. A biopsy was performed and prostate cancer diagnosed. He had a radical prostatectomy. His PSA is now 0.2ng/ml.
Cancer
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The PSA test for prostate cancer
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Age 61-70
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Interview 08
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His PSA result was just above 4ng/ml, 'at the top of the normal range' so the GP decided to repeat the test.
No urinary symptoms, but because of a family history of prostate cancer asked his GP for a PSA test. The result was slightly above normal. Referred to a specialist when a subsequent test showed a higher result. Prostate cancer diagnosed after a biopsy, treated with radiotherapy.
Cancer
>>
The PSA test for prostate cancer
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Age 51-60
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Interview 28
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His PSA test was only slightly higher than 'normal' so his GP decided to repeat the test.
No urinary symptoms, but felt tired. His GP suggested a PSA test. The PSA was raised, so he was referred to a consultant, who performed a biopsy. Prostate cancer was diagnosed, and treated with 3D conformal radiotherapy in 2005.
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