Diagnosing abnormal cervical cells usually begins with an abnormal test result. If CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) is suspected, or repeat test has shown abnormalities, a colposcopy examination (a more detailed look at the cervix using a colposcope, which is like a small microscope) is required.
“Colposcopy is a simple examination that allows the doctor to see the type and area of the abnormality on your cervix. It also lets the doctor decide if you need treatment.” - NHS Cancer Screening Programmes - Cervical screening- 'The colposccopy examination'.
A small sample of the abnormal cells (biopsy) may also be taken to assess the stage of the abnormal cells. These tests enable decisions to be made about the need for treatment. Some women we interviewed had had several colposcopy examinations over a number of years without needing treatment. Others had treatment performed at their colposcopy examination (see other topics in: Treatment and side effects).
Several women were embarrassed at having their legs in stirrups, but many found the nurses and doctor put them at ease and most explained what they were doing at each stage of the procedure.
Many said the examination was not as bad as they had imagined, others said it was worse than they expected.
When the liquid was put on the cervix to show up the abnormal cells, some women said they felt a stinging sensation, others said they did not feel anything.
At some colposcopy clinics, women can choose to view their abnormal cells on a TV screen. This was reassuring for some women and enabled them to take their mind off the procedure. Others chose not to look at the screen. One woman found it upsetting.
Some women did find it painful to have a biopsy taken, others experienced only a little discomfort or none at all.
A spray is sometimes used to numb the area before taking the biopsy and some women found this painful or uncomfortable. After the biopsy several women bled for a short while and a few experienced cramps. Some advised taking sanitary towels to the appointment.
After their appointment several women felt emotional, others felt relieved and positive. A few women mentioned that it was helpful to have someone accompany them to their appointment.
Most women we interviewed were given an indication of what stage their abnormal cells were during their examination, and they were told they would receive confirmation of their results in writing or at a follow-up appointment.
Last reviewed January 2011.
Last updated February 2011.
